ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
[CODE NO.4044]
Aluminium chloride appears on the market in three form anhydrous, crystals and aqueous solution (liquid grade).
The anhydrous material is a yellowish to grayish - white crystalline, granular or powdered solid. It reacts strongly with water and fumes in the presence of moist air to release hydrochloric acid vapours. The crystal grade is the hexahydrate, colourless form produced by crystallization from the liquid grade. The crystals are little used. The 32oBe' (35% A;cl3) liquid grade is used for convenience. An aqueous solution (18 to 25% Alcl3) is a by-product of the use of anhydrous Alcl3 as a catalyst in the manufacture of ethyl benzene and other organics. The solution contains some free - hydrochloric acid (upto about 1.5%) and traces (0.05 to 0.2%) of hydrocarbon.
Aluminium chloride is also sometimes referred to as aluminium trichloride or aluminium (III) chloride. The compound is formed when aluminium and chlorine are reacted together. Its chemical formula is written as AlCl3. As for physical appearance, Aluminium chloride is usually white. However, due to the presence of contaminants (iron(III) chloride), it acquires a yellowish colour.
⇒ Aluminium Chloride Formula: AlCl3
Industrially, aluminium chloride is used in the production of aluminium metal, but it also has a wide number of uses in the chemical industry particularly as a Lewis acid. Solid aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is covalently bonded with low melting as well as boiling point.
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
Physical Properties of AlCl3
• Aluminium chloride has a very low melting and boiling point.
• It sublimes at a temperature of 180°C.
• AlCl3 in a molten state is a poor conductor of electricity.
• The colour of aluminium chloride is white, but often it is contaminated with iron trichloride, which makes it yellow.
• It is in a liquid state only at pressures above 2.5 atm and temperature above 190°C.
Chemical Properties of AlCl3
• Aluminium chloride is a powerful Lewis acid.
• It is a major industrial catalyst.
• AlCl3 is anhydrous, non-explosive, non-flammable but a corrosive solid.
• It reacts violently when it comes in contact with water.
Aluminium Chloride Reactions
Here we will understand how AlCl3 reacts with other compounds. If we take anhydrous aluminium chloride it is a powerful Lewis acid. What this means is that it is capable of forming Lewis acid-base adducts even with bases that are weak in nature. For example, mesitylene and benzophenone. Some common reactions are:
• AlCl3 can form tetrachloroaluminate (AlCl4–) when chloride ions are present.
• Aluminium chloride can react with magnesium and calcium hydride in tetrahydrofuran to form tetrahydridoaluminate.
Aluminium Chloride Reaction with Water
Aluminium chloride is hygroscopic, where it can absorb moisture from the air. Usually, this chemical compound fumes in air containing moisture. Creates a hissing sound when it comes in contact with water. When the reaction occurs the Cl– ions are replaced with H2O molecules and forms hexahydrate [Al(H2O)6]Cl3. The anhydrous state of AlCl3 is lost and when the heat is applied HCl also dissipates and the final product that is obtained is aluminium hydroxide.
Al(H2O)6Cl3 → Al(OH)3 + 3HCl + 3H2O
When the temperature is further increased to about 400°C, aluminium oxide is formed from the hydroxide.
2Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3H2O
One distinct characteristic of AlCl3 aqueous solutions is that they are ionic. Due to this, they are good conductors of electricity. They are also acidic and this can lead to partial hydrolysis in Al3+ ion. The reaction can be written as:
[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) ⇌ [Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+(aq) + H+(aq)
Aluminium salts that contain hydrated Al3+ ion are similar to aqueous solutions of aluminium chloride. They also behave similarly. For example, it gives a thick precipitate of Al(OH)3 when it is reacted with dilute sodium hydroxide.
AlCl3 + 3NaOH → Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 4 MT/Day
Land & Building (1000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.22 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 21 Lac
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 70 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.21 Cr
Rate of Return 39%
Break Even Point 51%
PROPERTIES
ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE FORMULA: ALCL3
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCL3
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCL3
ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE REACTIONS
ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE REACTION WITH WATER
ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION PROPERTIES
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION PROPERTIES (THEORETICAL)
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION HEALTH & SAFETY INFORMATION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL USES OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE (ALCL3)
SAFETY:
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS:
COMPOSITION RANGE FROM
TYPICAL BATH COMPOSITION IS IN THE RANGE.
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
RAW MATERIALS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ALUMINIUUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
REACTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED/MONTHS
PRODUCTION OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE FROM HYDRATED ALUMINA
OTHER METHODS OF PREPARATION OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
PREPARATION
PREPARATION OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
FIRST AID MEASURES
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
HANDLING AND STORAGE GREEN
EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION
SENSITIZATION: NONE EXPECTED
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
6. TRANSPORTATION:
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
FOR 50,000 MT/ANNUM
BASIS: 1 MT
RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED AS BELOW:
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANKS & PRESSURE VESSELS
SUPPLIERS OF PULVERIZERS/GRINDERS
SUPPLIERS OF FURNACE
SUPPLIERS OF CHLORINATOR
SUPPLIERS OF SCRUBBER
SUPPLIERS OF DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM
SUPPLIERS OF COKE
SUPPLIERS OF CHLORINE
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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