ANTIFOAMING/DEFOAMNG AGENT
[EIRI/EDPR/1360] J.C. 130
INTRODUCTION
The introduction and stabilisation of hydrophobic materials like binder molecules, pigments and fillers into waterbased coating systems has to occur through surface active materials. Binder molecules of aqueous dispersions are stabilised by emulsifiers; pigments and fillers are incorporated by wetting and dispersing agents into an aqueous medium. All surface active materials, however, tend to foam in aqueous systems.
The stabilisation of bubbles by surfactant molecules is the main assumption for foam formation.
The extend of the creation of foam is influenced by other factors: formulation ingredients, production and application methods and also the substrate can support the creation of foam and increase or decrease the efficiency of a defoamer.
In a pure liquid (water) where no surfactants are present, air bubbles rise to the surface and burst. The interfacial tension between the air and the liquid is too high and the bubble cannot be stabilised. However, in systems where surface active substances are present, air bubbles are stabilised like hydrophobic particles by surfactant molecules. These surfactant molecules, having a hydrophilic-hydrophobic character, form a layer around the bubble, orientating the hydrophobic end towards the air (bubble) and the hydrophilic end towards the water. Thus, the interfacial tension between bubble and liquid is lowered and stabilised. The bubble rises to the surface, where also a layer of surfactant molecules is present between the air and the liquid interface. A stable double layer is formed including the surfactant layers of the bubble and the surface. This layer consists of the monolayer of surfactant molecules at the airliquid interface of the bubble and the monolayer of surfactant molecules which cover the liquidair interface.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 10 MT/Day
Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.) Rs. 8.88 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.06 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 5.24 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 15.86 Cr
Rate of Return 39%
Break Even Point 36%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ANTIFOAMS
FLOW DIAGRAM OF ANTIFOAMING CHEMICALS
OTHER FORMULATIONS
ANTIFOAM COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING FATTY AND ROSIN ACIDS OR DERIVATIVES
DEFOAMING COMPOSITION FOR HIGH ACID STRENGTH MEDIA
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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