Industry Overview
Biogas is a clean, renewable and versatile fuel produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter such as cattle dung, human excreta, food waste, kitchen waste, sewage sludge and other biodegradable materials. It generally contains 55 to 70 per cent methane, together with carbon dioxide and small quantities of other gases. The digestion process simultaneously produces combustible gas and nutrient-rich digested manure, providing both an energy source and a useful by-product.
Biogas can be used for cooking, heat and power generation and, after appropriate purification and compression, as compressed biogas (CBG) or bio-CNG. Its production also supports waste management, sanitation and the productive utilization of agricultural and organic wastes. Anaerobic digestion is particularly useful because it reduces the volume of waste while recovering energy.
Haryana, with a cattle population of about 7.6 million, is identified in the report as having potential for about 3.8 million cubic meters of biogas generation, which could be used for power generation or purified, compressed and bottled as compressed biogas. The report also covers biodigesters, landfill gas recovery, wastewater treatment, different biogas plant designs, CBG purification technologies, plant construction, equipment, testing, storage and applications. Proper removal of moisture, hydrogen sulphide and other contaminants is important because these impurities can reduce fuel quality and cause corrosion or equipment damage.
Cost Estimation
| Cost / Project Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 4000 Kg./Day |
| Land & Building (24,000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 3.57 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.62 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 1.36 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 9.40 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 19% |
| Break Even Point | 59% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- BASICS BEHIND BIOGAS PRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF COMPOSITIONS OF BIOGAS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
- ADVANTAGES AND BENEFITS OF BIOGAS
- COMPRESSED BIOGAS (CBG)
- THE PROCESS OF CBG PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY
- 1. WATER SCRUBBING TECHNOLOGY
- 2. PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION (PSA) TECHNOLOGY
- AN OVERVIEW OF CBG PLANTS IN INDIA
- BIO-GAS COMPOSITION
- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
- GENERAL BIOGAS PLANT DRAWING
- RAW MATERIAL:
- FEED MATERIAL:
- BENEFITS:
- GASIFICATION
- FIRST PHASE
- SECOND PHASE
- GAS COMPOSITION:
- ANAEROBIC BIO GAS REACTOR
- MAJOR PARTS OF REACTOR
- TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT
- THERE ARE THREE TYPES:-
- THE FIXED DOME TYPE OF BIOGAS PANT:
- BENEFITS:
- THE FLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPE BIOGAS PLANT:
- BENEFITS:
- BAG TYPE BIOGAS PLANT
- BENEFITS
- INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF GOBAR GAS PLANT
- PRODUCTION
- LANDFILL GAS
- TECHNICAL
- ENERGY CALCULATION OF BIOGAS PLANT
- CONVERSION TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- BENEFITS OF BIOGAS PLANT TREATMENT
- WASTE TREATMENT BENEFITS
- ENERGY BENEFITS
- ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
- MODELS OF BIO GAS PLANT
- DRUM LESS BIOGAS PLANT
- WORKING ON JANATA BIOGAS PLANT:-
- DESIGN DETAILS:-
- 1. HEIGHT OF THE LOWER PART OF THE DIGESTER:-
- 2. INLET AND OUTLET TANKS:-
- 3. DOME:-
- 4. GAS OUTLET:-
- CONSTRUCTION OF A JANATA BIOGAS PLANT:-
- THE THICKNESS OF THE ARCH IS 115 MM.
- COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOGAS WITH LPG GAS
- STORAGE OF HYDROCARBON FUELS
- PROBLEM WITH BIO GAS
- TRANSPORTATION OF HYDROCARBON FUELS
- PROPERTIES
- LIQUID HYDROCARBON GASES
- VOLATILITY OF GASEOUS HYDROCARBONS
- FIRE HAZARDS AND PREVENTION
- PROPERTIES OF METHANE, ETHANE AND PROPANE
- SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
- USES AND APPLICATIONS OF BIO GAS AND L.P.G. GAS
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
- ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
- DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- LOCATION SELECTION
- BIOGAS PLANT
- THE BIO-GAS PLANT PROCESS
- ALTERNATE RAW- MATERIAL
- FERMENTATION
- TEMPERATURE ACIDITY
- CARBON-NITROGEN RATIO
- INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS
- ABOVE VS BELOW GROUND DIGESTERS
- MARKET POSITION
- COMPRESSED BIO GAS (CBG) IN INDIA
- BIOGAS MARKET, BY SUBSTRATE
- BY SIZE
- BY TECHNOLOGY
- BY PROCESS
- BY APPLICATION
- APPLICATION INSIGHTS
- REGIONAL INSIGHTS
- BIOGAS MARKET SHARE INSIGHTS
- BIOGAS MARKET, BY PROCESS
- BIOGAS: MOST PRODUCTION TODAY COMES FROM CROPS AND ANIMAL MANURE
- MOST OF THE BIOGAS PRODUCED TODAY GOES TO THE POWER SECTOR
- UPGRADING BIOGAS TO BIOMETHANE COULD BE A MAJOR SOURCE OF FUTURE GROWTH
- MAJOR FIVE BIOGAS MARKET COMPANIES
- AIR LIQUIDE
- AMERESCO
- ENVITEC BIOGAS
- GASUM
- WÄRTSILÄ
- DEVELOPMENT OF BIO GAS GENERATION AND BOTTLING INDIA
- BIOGAS COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES
- TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION ON BIOGAS BOTTLING UNDER RDD&D
- THE DETAILS OF COMMISSIONED BIOGAS BOTTLING PROJECTS ARE GIVEN BELOW:
- USED IN MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME
- USED IN MANUFACTURING OF PLASTIC TANKS
- USED AS VEHICULAR FUEL
- DRY OR LIQUID SLURRY USED IN AGRICULTURAL FIELD
- BIOGAS BOTTLING PROJECT AT SINGLA BIO-ENERGY, VILL.–SIAGHAWALI, TEH.-SADULSEHAR, DIST.–SRI GANGANAGAR (RAJASTHAN)
- PROCESS OF BIO GAS PRODUCTION
- BIO GAS BOTTLING PROCESS
- LIST OF MACHINERY
- MACHINES REQUIRED
- OTHER ACCESSORIES REQUIRED
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET
- BIO GAS PRODUCTION FROM DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIAL
- GENERAL INFORMATION:-
- 3. CALORIFIC VALUE OF DIFFERENT FUELS.
- 4. GAS CONSUMPTION
- TABLE PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS
- TABLE COMPOSITION OF GAS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT WASTE MATERIAL (AVERAGE DATA)
- TABLE GAS PRODUCTION BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT WASTEMATERIAL AT DIFFERENT DILUTIONS
- TABLE COMBUSTIBILITY BEHAVIOUR OF GAS SAMPLES FROMDIFFERENT WASTE MATERIALS
- KG WASTE REQUIRED PER CUBIC METER OF BIOGAS GENERATION (APPOX.)
- CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF BIOGAS PLANT (6 CU.M.)
- CONSTRUCTING THE PLANT:-
- LAYING THE FOUNDATION:-
- ERECTING THE CYLINDRICAL SIDE WALLS:-
- CONSTRUCTING THE DOME
- CURING:
- DISMANTLING `FRAME WORK'
- PLASTERING:-
- FLOORING:-
- CURING:-
- PAINTING:-
- FITTING AND ACCESSORIES:-
- SLURRY PIT:-
- BIO GAS PLANT PROCESS
- THE BIO-GAS PLANT PROCESS
- ALTERNATE RAW- MATERIAL
- GOBAR GAS METHANE EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA (FROM THE MOTHER EARTH NEWS)
- FERMENTATION
- TEMPERATURE ACIDITY
- CARBON-NITROGEN RATIO
- PERCENTAGE OF SOLIDS
- BASIC DESIGN
- CONTINUOUS FEEDING (LIQUIDS)
- ATCH FEEDING (SOLIDS)
- AGITATION
- TEMPERATURE CONTROL
- GAS COLLECTION
- LIST OF FRUITS & VEGETABLE INDUSTRIES IN KUNDLI
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
- BIOGAS PLANT MANUFACTURER
- BIOGAS BALOON MANUFACTURER
- CBG STORED GAS BOTTLING PLANT MANUFACTURER
- BIOGAS PLANTS & EQUIPMENTS MANUFACTURER
- QUALITY PARAMETERS TEST OF BIOGAS
- ARRAY OF TESTS
- MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS
- CONSTRUCTION PHOTOGRAPHS
- ORGANIZATION CHART
- TURNKEY CONSULTANT
- IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
- PLANT LAYOUT
- LIST OF MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS
- RAW BIOGAS PARAMETERS AT THE HEADER ARE AS BELOW;
- ADSORBENT BED:
- THE PARAMETERS AFTER THE ADSORBENT BED ARE AS FOLLOWS;
- CO2 SCRUBBER:
- DRYER UNIT:
- BIO-CNG COMPOSITION:
- BUFFER VESSEL:
- GAS COMPRESSING SYSTEM
- BIOGAS STORAGE CASCADES
- FLARE UNIT
- COW DUNG COLLECTION IN THE VILLAGE
- DIGESTER
- RAW BIOGAS STORAGE
- COMPRESSION
- PURIFIED GAS STORAGE
- PORTABLE BIOGAS ANALYZERS
- HORIZONTAL LIQUID SOLID SEPARATOR
- SLURRY SEPERATOR/SCREW PRESS
- AGITATORS
- ANNEXURE-I
- COLD STORAGES IN HARYANA
- ANNEXURE-II
- LIST OF REGISTERED GAUSHALAS IN HARYANA GAU SEVA AAYOG
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Biogas is a combustible renewable gas produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter in an oxygen-free environment. Materials such as cattle dung, food waste, kitchen waste, sewage sludge and other biodegradable feedstocks can be processed in a digester. Naturally occurring microorganisms break down the organic material and generate a gas mixture consisting mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, along with small quantities of other gases. The process also produces digested slurry that can be utilized as nutrient-rich organic manure.
Biogas can be used for cooking, heating, electricity generation and, after upgrading, as a vehicle or grid fuel. Raw biogas can provide thermal energy and can be used in suitable power-generation systems. When carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, moisture and other contaminants are removed to meet the required specification, the gas can be upgraded to biomethane and compressed as CBG or bio-CNG. The appropriate purification and quality requirements depend on the intended end use and the characteristics of the original feedstock.
Biogas can be produced from a wide range of biodegradable organic materials. The report identifies livestock waste, household organic waste, food and kitchen waste, harvest surplus, vegetable oil residues, sewage sludge and other organic wastes as potential feedstocks. Grass and other green materials can also be fermented when the process is appropriately designed. Feedstock selection depends on factors such as organic composition, moisture content, solids concentration, biodegradability and attainable gas yield, as well as the practical availability and handling requirements of the material.
Biogas needs purification for CBG applications because raw biogas contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, moisture and potentially other contaminants that affect fuel quality and equipment performance. Carbon dioxide reduces the calorific value, while hydrogen sulphide is toxic and can contribute to corrosion when moisture is present. Water vapour, ammonia and siloxanes can also create operational problems in certain applications. Technologies such as water scrubbing and pressure swing adsorption can be used for gas upgrading, with the required treatment determined by the final application and specification.
The main components of a conventional biogas plant include a digester, feed inlet, gas collection or holder system, slurry outlet and gas delivery system. Depending on the plant design and application, additional equipment may include gas storage, separators, agitators, scrubbers, dryers, compressors, storage cascades and monitoring instruments. The exact configuration varies with feedstock, plant scale, process design and the intended use of the gas. CBG facilities require additional purification, compression and storage equipment compared with basic biogas systems.
Biogas plants provide environmental benefits by converting biodegradable waste into useful energy and reducing uncontrolled waste accumulation. Anaerobic digestion can reduce the volume of waste while recovering energy in the form of biogas. The process also produces digested slurry that can be used as organic manure when appropriately managed. Biogas can displace conventional fossil or biomass fuels in suitable applications, while organized waste treatment can improve sanitation and reduce problems associated with unmanaged organic waste, odour and insects.
Biogas production is affected by feedstock characteristics and operating conditions such as temperature, acidity, carbon-nitrogen ratio, solids concentration, feeding method, agitation and retention conditions. The composition and biodegradability of the raw material influence the attainable gas yield and methane concentration. Consistent feeding and appropriate process control help maintain stable anaerobic digestion. Gas collection and treatment are also important because moisture and contaminants such as hydrogen sulphide can affect downstream equipment, safety, maintenance requirements and the suitability of the gas for its intended application.
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