BROMINE LIQUID (FROM BRINE LIQUID)
[CODE NO.4376]
Bromine is a chemical element that occurs naturally and typically exists in the form of a red-brown liquid at room temperature. Bromine is one of the many naturally occurring elements, easily found in underground wells, lakes and seas. Bromine continues to experience a consistent demand, despite enforcement of strict legislations and regulations by various governments. Growth in the global market is set to be driven by rising demand for the element in various applications, and in industries, including water treatment, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, pesticides, textile, and agro-fumigants. Bromine is widely employed as a drilling fluid within the oil and gas industry. Clear brine fluids are extensively used in oil & gas drilling activities where they control formation pressure as well as reduce damages to reservoirs. Market prospects are also bolstered by increasing demand from coal-fired power generation plants in which the chemical is used for controlling mercury emissions and the growing flame retardants deman
d which is being triggered by fire-safety regulations worldwide becoming increasingly stringent. The increasing use of various bromine derivatives in several other applications, such as biocides, water treatment, and dyes is anticipated to boost the demand. Though bromine finds limited applications in the pharmaceutical sector, its demand is expected to increase in future. Bromine compounds are being tested in various clinical trials focused on finding cure for Alzheimer's, dementia, STDs, and certain forms of cancer. Positive outcomes from these studies are poised to substantially boost the demand for bromine and its derivatives.
Brine Liquid having at least 2.2 gm/lit bromine is most suitable for the manufacture of bromine. The technology for manufacture of bromine has been developed at Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India and the technology has been licensed to 9 salt manufacturers and five of them are in production. The capacity utilization of these plants during the last ten years was noticed to be varying between 50 to 85% and their total production always remained far below the demand of bromine in the country. Therefore the production of bromine offers good prospects to those entrepreneurs who have access to sea Brine Liquid.
Bromine and bromo-compounds have wide range of uses in chemical and other uses. It is used for the manufacture of dye intermediate & dye stuffs, drugs & pharmaceutical products, photography chemicals, insecticides, fuming agents, antiknock gasoline, fire retardants, in textile industry and in oil exploration. It is also used in controlling microbes and algae in swimming pools.
Bromine is a deep red fuming liquid, member of the halogen elements as Group VII of the periodic table that is liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. Bromine, a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid with an interesting irritating odour, is the only non-metallic element that is a liquid at normal temperature. It is a diatomic molecule with the chemical formula Br2
Rare element bromine is found in, nature dispersed throughout the earth crust only in compounds such as soluble and insoluble bromides. The chief commercial source of bromine is ocean water from which the element is extracted by means of chemical replacement (oxidation) by more active chlorine. Bromine has traditionally been manufactured as a byproduct from saline mother liquors (Brine Liquids) left after the crystallization of the main salt products.
Source and Safety of Bromine
Natural sources for bromine are chloride sources such as natural salt stocks and seawater where bromides are accompanying the chlorides. Industrial sources for bromine recovery are quench waters of waste incinerators (coming from the flame retardants) and effluents of industrial bromination processes.
In this case no more than half of the bromine added ends up in the product; the rest is being released as hydrogen bromide gas and as dissolved bromides (often rejected in washing solutions). Since bromine is an expensive, widely used raw material, recovery is usually a viable option.
Safety First
Bromine is highly corrosive, toxic, and causes serious chemical burns. 3 ppm in the air is considered immediately dangerous to life and health. Therefore, it is vitally important to take the highest safety precautions when working with bromine.
It is intended to prepare a Feasibility Report to install 5000 Tons/Year Liquid Bromine production facility as a Green Filed Project.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 16.67 Ton/Day
Land & Building (4850 sq.mt.) US$ 6.30 Lac
Plant & Machinery US$ 26.57 Lac
Working Capital for 0.5 Month US$ 3.16 Lac
Total Capital Investment US$ 37.77 Lac
Rate of Return 84%
Break Even Point 41%
- • INTRODUCTION
- • MARKET OVERVIEW
- • PROPERTIES
- • USES AND APPLICATION
- • SPECIFICATIONS
- • RAW MATERIAL: CHARACTERISTICS
- • FORMULATION
- • EXTRACTION STEPS - BROMINE FROM SEA WATER
- • MANUFACTURING PROCESS – BROMINE LIQUID
- • ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- • SAFE STORAGE OF BROMINE
- • ETP FACILITY
- • SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER EFFLUENT
- • WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT/GREEN BELT
- • AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS & CONTROL
- • SAFETY IN BROMINE PLANT
- • HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL LIKE BROMINE
- • SAFE HANDLING OF BROMINE LEAKAGE
- • CONSULTANT/TURKEY PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- • UTILITIES PER MONTH (ESTIMATED)
- • PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- • PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- • HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
- • ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- • MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)
- • HSE REQUIREMENT
- • SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL MEASURE
- • POTENTIAL RISKS
- • PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
- • PROJECT FINANCIALS
- • PRELIMINARY PLANT LAYOUT
- • CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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