CALCIUM PROPIONATE [3600]
Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propionic acid. Propionic acid is a natural acid present in small quantities in many foods. In fermented foods however, propionic acid can be present in high concentrations because it is produced by fermentation bacteria. Calcium propionate is used as preservative or antimicrobial, mainly against fungi. Calcium ions are necessary for the enzyme ?-amylase to break down the starches in bread, making them available for the yeast top grow, and improving the texture of the bread. If enough of the amylose portion of starch is converted into sugar, retrogradion of bread is slowed down or prevented. In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement. Calcium propionate is used in bakery products. Cheeses, confections and frostings, gelatins, puddings and fillings, and jams and jellies. In commercial practice the amount of calcium propionate used will be limited by cost and the possibility of imparting off-tastes or textures to food. Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor. Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth. Calcium propionate can be used: as an antimicrobial agent; at levels not exceeding current good manufacturing practice in baked goods, cheeses, confections and frostings, gelatins, puddings and fillings, and jams and jellies. Calcium propionate is an organic salt formed by the reaction of calcium hydroxide with propionic acid (also known as propanoic acid). Its chemical formula is Ca (OOCCH2CH3)2. The compound occurs in either crystalline or powder form. It is soluble in water and only very slightly soluble in alcohol. Calcium propionate is used as a food preservative in breads and other baked goods because of its ability to inhibit the growth of molds and other microorganisms. It is not toxic to these organisms, but does prevent them from reproducing and posing a health risk to humans. Propionic acid occurs naturally in some foods and acts as a preservative in those foods. Some types of cheese, for example, contain as much as 1% natural propionic acid. Studies indicate that calcium propionate is one of the safest food additives used by the food industry. Rats fed a diet containing nearly 4% calcium propionate for a year showed no ill effects. As a result, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have placed no limitations on its use in foods. In addition to baked goods, it is commonly used as a preservative in chocolate products, processed cheeses, and fruit preserves. The tobacco industry has also used calcium propionate as a preservative in some of its products. Beyond its role as a food additive, calcium propionate finds some application in the manufacture of butyl rubber. Adding it to the raw product makes it easier to process the rubber and protects the rubber from scorching during manufacture.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 600 Kg/Day
Plant & Machinery Rs. 25 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 14 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 42 Lac
Rate of Return 55%
Break Even Point 54%
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
CALCIUM PROPIONATE
CALCIUM PROPIONATE PROPERTIES
MECHANISM OF ACTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
IN FOOD
IN BEVERAGE
IN PHARMACEUTICALS
IN AGRICULTURE
STRUCTURE OF PROPIONATES
PROPIONIC ACID
SODIUM PROPIONATE
CALCIUM PROPIONATE
POTASSIUM PROPIONATE
CHARACTERISTICS AND PURITY OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
REQUIREMENT OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
IDENTIFICATION TESTS
PACKING, STORAGE AND MARKING OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
PACKING
MARKING
TESTING METHOD OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE CONTENT
A-0 GENERAL
A.2 METHOD II
A-3 METHOD III
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE
B-0 GENERAL
B-L OVEN DRWNG METHOD
B-2 KARL FISCHER METHOD
DETERMINATION OF MATTER INSOLUBLE IN WATER
C-1 APPARATUS
C-2 PROCEDURE
C-3 CALCULATION
DETERMINATION OF IRON
D-1 APPARATUS
D-2 REAGENTS
D-3 PROCEDURE
TEST FOR FLUORIDE
E-0 GENERAL
E-I METHOD I THORIUM NITRATE COLORIMETRIC METHOD
E-1.2 PROCEDURE
E-2 METHOD II ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE METHOD
E-2.1 CALIBRATION CURVE
E-2.2 PROCEDURE
TEST FOR MAGNESIUM
F-L PROCEDURE
MARKET OVERVIEW OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
DERIVATION OF PROPIONATES
PROPIONIC ACID
SODIUM PROPIONATE, CALCIUM PROPIONATE AND POTASSIUM PROPIONATES
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CALCIUM PROPIONATE
CHEMICAL REACTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PROCESS IN DETAILS
SPECIFICALLY, THE PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT, FOR EXAMPLE, AS FOLLOWS:
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
LIME
PACKAGING MATERIALS (HDPE WOVEN SACK)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
REACTORS
CONDENSER
PACKAGING MACHINE
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
STORAGE VESSEL (STORAGE TANKS)
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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