Industry Overview
Activated carbon is a highly porous industrial adsorbent characterized by a developed internal surface area and pore structure, enabling it to adsorb a wide range of chemicals from fluids. It is produced through the pyrolysis and activation of carbonaceous natural and synthetic precursors. Activated carbon typically has pore diameters ranging from <2 nm to >50 nm, with internal surface areas reported at 400-3000 m2/g by the nitrogen BET method, depending on activation conditions.
Carbon occurs widely in nature and is present in crystalline forms such as graphite and diamond, as well as in amorphous forms including charcoal, coke and carbon black. Industrial carbons are produced from materials such as coal, petroleum coke, wood and various organic residues. Activated carbon, also known as active carbon or active charcoal, generally has substantially higher adsorption capacity than ordinary wood or animal charcoal.
Commercial activated carbons are available as powders, granules and pellets and are broadly classified according to their applications, including decolorizing, gas-adsorbent, metal-adsorbent and medicinal carbons. Different raw materials and activation methods are selected according to the required properties and end use. Coal, petroleum coke and wood charcoal can be activated by gas activation, while agricultural and industrial residues such as coconut shells, bagasse, straw, corn cobs and various husks have been utilized for chemical activation. The industry therefore supports applications across water treatment, gas purification, chemical processing, medicine and other industrial sectors.
Cost Estimation
| Plant Capacity | 7.5 Ton/Day |
|---|---|
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.00 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.74 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 1.21 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 6.15 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 41% |
| Break Even Point | 49% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- DECOLORISING CARBONS
- GAS ABSORBENT CARBONS
- METAL ABSORBENT CHARS
- MEDICINAL CARBONS
- USES & APPLICATIONS
- END-USER INDUSTRIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- WATER TREATMENT PLANTS MFGRS.
- BY MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURING
- BUYERS IN OVERSEAS COUNTRIES
- PROPERTIES
- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- LIGNITE ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTS ACTIVATED CARBON
- RAW MATERIALS
- ADVANTAGEOUS PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
- METHOD AND SAMPLING AND TEST FOR ACTIVATED CARBON
- [POWDERED AND GRANULAR]
- 1 SCOPE
- 2 REFERENCES
- 3 QUALITIES OF REAGENTS
- 4 MOISTURE
- 5 ASH
- 6 PARTICLE SIZE
- 7 MATTERS SOLUBLE IN WATER
- 8 MATTERS SOLUBLE IN ACID
- 9 PH
- 10 IRON
- 11 DETERMINATION OF DECOLOURIZING POWER
- 12 FILTERABILITY AND OIL RETENTION
- 13 HARDNESS
- 14 ADSORPTION CAPACITIES FOR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
- FIG: 1 APPARATUS FOR DETERMINATION OF ADSORPTION CAPACITY
- BY BENZENE ADSORPTION
- 15 RETENTIVITY INDEX
- 16 CHLORIDE
- 17 SULPHATE
- 18 CYANOGEN COMPOUNDS
- 19 SAMPLING
- SPECIFICATIONS
- THE SIEVE ANALYSIS SHOULD BE AS FOLLOWS
- TESTING
- STRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- MARKET POSITION
- THREE MAIN FORMS OF ACTIVATED CARBON ARE:
- THE TYPES OF THE PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN THE INDUSTRY ARE:
- IT FINDS WIDE APPLICATIONS IN THE FOLLOWING SEGMENTS:
- THE FEEDSTOCK CAN BE CATEGORISED AS FOLLOWS:
- GLOBAL ACTIVATED CARBON MARKET: REGIONAL SEGMENT ANALYSIS
- ACTIVATED COKE AS AN ADSORBING AGENT
- PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL
- DRUM METHOD FOR ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
- ACTIVATED GRANULAR SHELL CARBON FROM CHARCOAL
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- DETAILS OF ACTIVATION
- CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
- ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL
- TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- ADSORPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
- SURFACE AREA
- PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
- TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- BULK DENSITY
- PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
- APPLICATION
- OTHER APPLICATIONS OF ACTIVATED CARBON INCLUDE:
- APPLICATIONS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- APPLICATIONS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR ACTIVATED CARBON
- DETAILS OF ACTIVATION CARBON PROCESS
- BASIS OF THERMAL ACTIVATION OF CARBON
- GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW
- GLOBAL ACTIVATED CARBON MARKET SHARE BY END-USE (% AGE)
- SOME INDIAN MANUFACTURERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- CONSUMPTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- GLOBAL SCENARIO & RECOMMENDATION
- BUYERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- ABSORBING GASES OR VAPOUR (GAS ABSORBENT CARBON)
- DECOLORIZING AND PURIFYING LIQUID
- CATALYST & CATALIST SUPPORT (GAS ABSORBENT CARBON)
- MEDICINE
- PROCESSING DETAILS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL
- PROCESS RATIONALE
- HEAT EXCHANGERS
- VESSELS
- REACTORS AND HEATERS
- FIG: SCHEMATIC OF THE FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR STAGES.
- SEPARATORS
- PUMPS, BLOWERS AND COMPRESSORS
- CONVEYORS
- SIZE REDUCERS
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS
- FIGURE: PFD OF THE PYROLYSIS PROCESS
- FIGURE: PFD OF THE ACTIVATION PROCESS
- QUALITY CONTROL TESTING OF ACTIVATED CARBON
- CARBON TETRACHLORIDE ACTIVITY
- SURFACE AREA
- HARDNESS
- MESH SIZE
- ASH CONTENT
- DENSITY
- INTERRELATION OF PROPERTIES
- OTHER TESTS
- TESTING OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
- QUALITATIVE METHOD
- SEMI-QUANTITATIVE METHOD
- QUANTITATIVE METHOD
- STATE & CONTROL SUBSIDY SCHEME FOR ACTIVATED CARBON PROJECT
- COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS FOR ACTIVATED CARBON
- ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
- SUPPLIERS OF COCONUT SHELL
- ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
- SUPPLIERS OF PULVERISER
- SUPPLIERS OF MIXERS
- SUPPLIERS OF ROTARY KILNS
- SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRIER
- SUPPLIERS OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
- SUPPLIERS OF HEAVY MOBILE CRANES
- SUPPLIERS OF EXTRUDER
- SUPPLIERS OF TANKS
- SUPPLIERS OF BOILER
- SUPPLIERS OF COOLER
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Activated carbon is a highly porous carbonaceous adsorbent used to remove or reduce unwanted substances from gases and liquids. Its extensive internal surface area and pore structure provide numerous sites for adsorption. Activated carbon can be produced by pyrolysis and subsequent activation of carbonaceous materials, with the final properties depending on the raw material and activation conditions. It is commercially supplied in forms such as powdered, granular and pelletized carbon for different industrial applications.
Activated carbon can be manufactured from a wide range of carbonaceous raw materials, including coal, petroleum coke, wood charcoal and agricultural residues. The report specifically discusses materials such as coconut shell, bagasse, molasses, straw, corn cobs, paddy husk, groundnut husk and other industrial or agricultural wastes. Selection depends on factors such as carbon content, availability, ash level, desired pore structure, activation method and the properties required in the finished activated carbon.
The main commercial forms of activated carbon include powdered, granular and pelletized products. These forms are selected according to the process requirements and intended application. Activated carbon may also be classified by its functional use, including decolorizing carbon, gas-adsorbent carbon, metal-adsorbent carbon and medicinal carbon. The choice of form and grade depends on parameters such as particle size, pore-size distribution, adsorption capacity, hardness, density and the characteristics of the material being treated.
Activated carbon is generally manufactured through carbonization or pyrolysis followed by an activation stage. Depending on the feedstock and product requirements, activation may be performed thermally using gases or through chemical activation. The process can involve preparation and size reduction of raw materials, controlled heating, activation, cooling, separation and classification. The manufacturing route is selected to develop the required pore structure and adsorption characteristics while maintaining suitable physical properties for the intended application.
Activated carbon is widely used for adsorption, purification, decolorization and removal of contaminants from gases and liquids. Major applications discussed in the report include water treatment, mineral water manufacturing, gas and vapour adsorption, liquid purification, chemical processing, catalyst and catalyst-support applications, metal adsorption and medicinal uses. Its application is determined by the adsorption characteristics and physical properties of the selected carbon grade, as different products are designed to address different process and treatment requirements.
Activated carbon quality is evaluated using physical, chemical and adsorption-related tests. The report covers parameters including carbon tetrachloride activity, surface area, hardness, mesh size, ash content and density, together with other testing methods. Depending on the product specification, additional characteristics such as moisture, particle size, pH, soluble matter, iron, chloride and sulphate may also be examined. Consistent testing helps manufacturers verify that the finished carbon meets the specified performance and physical requirements.
Coconut shell is used as an activated carbon feedstock because it is a carbonaceous biomass that can be processed to develop useful adsorption properties. The report gives specific attention to coconut shell activated carbon, including its advantageous properties, production methods and processing details. As with other feedstocks, the characteristics of the resulting carbon depend on preparation, carbonization and activation conditions. Coconut shell therefore represents one of several agricultural or biomass-derived raw materials that can be considered for activated carbon manufacture.
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