Industry Overview
Cotton manja is a traditional kite-flying string made by colouring and coating cotton thread. Manja, also spelled manjha, is an abrasive string historically used for fighter kites in countries including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Traditional manja is gummed, coloured, and coated with powdered glass, while related sharp kite strings are known by different names in other countries, such as cerol in Brazil and hilo curado in Chile.
Kite flying is practiced throughout the year in India, with demand increasing around major festivals and specialized kite-flying events. Bareilly has a long-established reputation for traditional manja production, supporting a community of artisans and workers associated with the craft. However, the report highlights significant competition from synthetic and metallic kite strings, which have affected the traditional cotton manja market through differences in price and perceived thread strength. This has placed pressure on traditional artisans, with some workers changing occupations or migrating to other states in search of employment opportunities connected with kite-flying festivals.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 200 Reels/Day |
| Land & Building (400 sq.mt) | Rs. 52 Lac |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 10 Lac |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 11 Lac |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 75 Lac |
| Rate of Return | 33% |
| Break Even Point | 58% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- KITES AND MANJA
- INDIA
- JAPAN
- KOREA
- NEPAL
- PAKISTAN
- BASSANT IN LAHORE
- SIGNIFICANCE OF KITE INDUSTRY
- CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KITE AND MANJA IMPACT
- IMPACT OF MANJA
- THREADS (DHAAGA) USED IN FLYING KITES
- THERE ARE MAINLY TWO TYPES.
- WHY NOT TO USE PLASTIC THREADS
- INGREDIENTS FOR COTTON MANJA
- THE FALL AND RISE OF COTTON YARN `MANJA'
- OVERVIEW OF KITE INDUSTRY
- MARKET POSITION OF KITE AND MANJA INDUSTRY
- MANUFACTURERS OF MANJA
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF COTTON MANJA
- THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCES ARE USED TO MAKE COTTON MANJA.
- COATING OF COTTON THREAD/YARN WITH THE POWDERED GLASS:-
- FORMULATION
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- DRAWBACKS & THREATS OF SYNTHETIC OR METALLIC MANJA
- ASSISTANCE AND MARKETING FOR KITES & MANJA WORKERS
- SAFETY AND RISKS IN KITE FIGHTING
- PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
- PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- PRIMARY FACTORS
- 1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
- 2. MARKETS:
- 3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
- 4. WATER SUPPLY:
- 5. CLIMATE:
- 6. TRANSPORTATION:
- 7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
- 8. LABOR:
- 9. REGULATORY LAWS:
- 10. TAXES:
- 11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
- 12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
- 13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
- 14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
- EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED
- IN THE PROJECT REPORT
- 1. DEPRECIATION:
- 2. FIXED ASSETS:
- 3. WORKING CAPITAL:
- 4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
- 5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
- 6. MARGIN MONEY:
- 7. TERM LOANS:
- 8. TOTAL LOAD:
- 9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
- INTRODUCTION
- PROJECT HANDLING
- PROJECT SCHEDULING
- PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
- TIME SCHEDULE
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- COTTON THREAD
- KITE SPOOLS
- GLUE
- GLASS POWDER
- ALUMINIUM OXIDE
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
A cotton manja manufacturing unit should consider raw-material availability, market access, utilities, transportation, labour, waste management, site characteristics, regulatory requirements, and community considerations. The report specifically identifies these factors as part of plant location planning. A suitable location can help maintain reliable material supply, improve logistics, support workforce availability, and facilitate distribution while ensuring that the proposed facility operates in accordance with applicable requirements.
The report identifies cotton thread, kite spools, glue, glass powder, and aluminium oxide among the materials associated with the project. The specific formulation and handling requirements depend on the product and applicable safety and regulatory requirements. Because abrasive and coating materials can present hazards, appropriate industrial controls, worker protection, storage practices, and safe handling procedures are important considerations in any manufacturing facility.
Kite-fighting manja can cause serious injuries because abrasive or sharp strings may cut people, animals, or property when they come into contact with them. Risks can arise during manufacturing, storage, handling, transportation, and kite flying. Responsible operations should therefore address worker protection, safe material handling, controlled storage, appropriate waste disposal, and compliance with applicable laws and restrictions. Public safety considerations are particularly important when kite flying takes place in populated areas.
A project report for a cotton manja manufacturing unit can cover industry background, market conditions, raw materials, manufacturing considerations, plant layout, location factors, machinery, implementation scheduling, supplier information, safety considerations, and project economics. It can also include financial components such as fixed capital, working capital, production costs, break-even analysis, and projected financial statements. These sections help entrepreneurs and project planners evaluate the technical, operational, commercial, and financial aspects of the proposed unit.
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