FERRIC AND NON FERRIC ALUM PRODUCTION

[CODE NO.4345]

Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), commonly called alum, is produced as white crystals which are non-combustible and soluble in water. This dry, hydrate (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) is 17% Al2O3 and is also sold as a 47% w/w aluminium sulfate solution which is 8% Al2O3. It is also sold in solid form as kibbled, ground or dust.

Ferric and Non Ferric Alum is marketed in various grades. The cheapest grade called "alum cake". Potash alum also known as alum alumen.

Ferric alumin is aluminium sulphate containing iron obtained from the bauxite ore. Potash alum is prepared from its naturally occurring minerals such as alunite and Ratinite, but in India these do not occur in appreciable quantities. Alum was formerly prepared from alum shales by roasting them in year and leaching it out with water. Alum is now produced in India by crystallizing together equivalent produced in India by Crystallizing together equivalent proportion of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The solution is concentrated and the crystals are separated out are melted to yield lump alum or recrystalized to obtain large crystals.

There are two broad categories of Alum as follows: Ferric Alum which is generally made from Bauxite and Iron free Alum (non Ferric Alum), generally made from Alumina. Commercially, hydrated AluminumSulphate is called Alum and is sold under such names as Filler Alum, Commercial Alum, and Paper Maker’s Alum etc. Technical grade AluminumSulphate is provided in two forms: a partially dehydrated solid and an aqueous solution of this material containing about 27% Al2 (SO4)3... The reagent grade Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O is slightly, odorless, colorless monoclinic crystals, having a specific gravity of 1.69. The solid material, `Dry Alum’ is partially crystalline and may be discolored to a brownish-green owing to impurities (chiefly iron) in the ores from which it is made. The solution form, `liquid Alum’ may exhibit a similar discoloration. The major area of use for Alum is in water treatment and clarification. Its clarifying action is attributed to Aluminum hydroxide formation by hydrolysis. This, in turn, carries down al

l the colloidal impurities and forms a slimy layer at the bottom. Sizing of Paper the other major areas of use is in sizing of paper. It reacts with sodium resinate to give insoluble Aluminumresinate. For sizing of paper, Alum should be free from Ferric ions or else the paper will be discolored. Ferrous ions do not harm since they form a soluble colorlessresinate which, however, would represent a loss of resinate. Alum imparts certain degree of resistance to penetration by liquids during sizing of paper. Alum is also required in various other industries like Dyes, Food, Petroleum, Pharmaceuticals, fire-proofing, tanning etc.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 20 MT./Day

Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 76 Lacs

Plant & Machinery Rs. 93 Lac

Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 70 Lac

Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.51 Cr

Rate of Return 24%

Break Even Point 73%

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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