Detailed Project Report (DPR) on fire fighting equipments

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
 [CODE NO.3439]


    Fire extinguishers are divided into four categories, based on different types of fires. Each fire extinguisher also has a numerical rating that serves as a guide for the amount of fire the extinguisher can handle. The higher the number, the more fire-fighting power. The following is a quick guide to help choose the right type of extinguisher.

    Class A extinguishers are for ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cardboard, and most plastics. The numerical rating on these types of extinguishers indicates the amount of water it holds and the amount of fire it can extinguish. Geometric symbol (green triangle)

    Class B fires involve flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, grease and oil. The numerical rating for class B extinguishers indicates the approximate number of square feet of fire it can extinguish. Geometric symbol (red square)

    Class C fires involve electrical equipment, such as appliances, wiring, circuit breakers and outlets. Never use water to extinguish class C fires - the risk of electrical shock is far too great! Class C extinguishers do not have a numerical rating. The C classification means the extinguishing agent is non-conductive. Geometric symbol (blue circle)

    Class D fire extinguishers are commonly found in a chemical laboratory. They are for fires that involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium. These types of extinguishers also have no numerical rating, nor are they given a multi-purpose rating - they are designed for class D fires only. Geometric symbol (Yellow Decagon)

    Class K fire extinguishers are for fires that involve cooking oils, trans-fats, or fats in cooking appliances and are typically found in restaurant and cafeteria kitchens. Geometric symbol (black hexagon)


    Some fires may involve a combination of these classifications. Your fire extinguishers should have ABC ratings on them.


Here are the most common types of fire extinguishers:

    Water extinguishers or APW extinguishers (air-pressurized water) are suitable for class A fires only. Never use a water extinguisher on grease fires, electrical fires or class D fires - the flames will spread and make the fire bigger! Water extinguishers are filled with water and are typically pressurized with air. Again - water extinguishers can be very dangerous in the wrong type of situation. Only fight the fire if you're certain it contains ordinary combustible materials only.

    Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of types and are suitable for a combination of class A, B and C fires. These are filled with foam or powder and pressurized with nitrogen.

    BC - This is the regular type of dry chemical extinguisher. It is filled with sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The BC variety leaves a mildly corrosive residue which must be cleaned immediately to prevent any damage to materials.

    ABC - This is the multipurpose dry chemical extinguisher. The ABC type is filled with monoammonium phosphate, a yellow powder that leaves a sticky residue that may be damaging to electrical appliances such as a computer

    Dry chemical extinguishers have an advantage over CO2 extinguishers since they leave a non-flammable substance on the extinguished material, reducing the likelihood of re-ignition.

    Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are used for class B and C fires. CO2 extinguishers contain carbon dioxide, a non-flammable gas, and are highly pressurized. The pressure is so great that it is not uncommon for bits of dry ice to shoot out the nozzle. They don't work very well on class A fires because they may not be able to displace enough oxygen to put the fire out, causing it to re-ignite.

    CO2 extinguishers have an advantage over dry chemical extinguishers since they don't leave a harmful residue - a good choice for an electrical fire on a computer or other favorite electronic device such as a stereo or TV.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant  Capacity                                                :       FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
land & Building (2500 Sq.mt)                       :    Rs.   3.09 cr
Plant & Machinery                                           :    Rs.   60.50 Lacs
Working Capital for 1 Month                         :    Rs.   1.78 Cr
Total Capital Investment                               :    Rs.   5.63 Cr
Rate of Return                                                :    43%
Break Even Point                                           :    42%


INTRODUCTION    
USES AND APPLICATION    
LIMITATION OF DRY-CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHERS    
IMPORTANCE OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS    
FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER    
RAW MATERIALS    
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS    
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FIRE EXITINGUISHERS    
CARBON DIOXIDE TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
(PORTABLE AND TROLLY MOUNTED)    
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS    
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS    
REQUIREMENTS FOR PASTIC CAP    
BURST PRESSURE TEST    
PORTABLE FOAM TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER    
FIRE EXTINGUISHING FOAM    
CONSTRUCTION OF FOAM TYPE EXTINGUISHER    
MARKET SURVEY    
FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRY    
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS    
FORMULATIONS OF DRY POWDER FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHER    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR DRY POWDER FOR FOAM TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS    
ANTI CORROSION TREATMENT AND MARKINGS    
SAMPLING FOR TESTS    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MANUFACTURE
OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER & EQUIPMENT    
THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS    
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT    
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS    
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT    
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES    
PLANT LAYOUT    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY    


APPENDIX – A:

 1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
 2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
 3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
 4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
 5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
 6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
 7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
 8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
 9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT                                   
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET