Industry Overview
Paper is a commodity of prime importance for mass communication, education, and industrial and economic development. The art of papermaking was first discovered in China around the 2nd century B.C. and subsequently spread westward, reaching Europe over time. By the end of the 14th century, paper mills existed in countries including Spain, Italy, France, and Germany. The invention of printing in 1956 significantly increased demand for paper, after which paper manufacturing was introduced to England and later America in 1690.
Agricultural residues such as bagasse, rice husk, wheat husk, jute sticks, and grasses are increasingly being considered as raw materials for papermaking. Their utilization for pulp production can help address raw-material requirements. Papermaking involves pulping, in which bulky fibrous materials are disintegrated into individual or small agglomerated fibres. Fibres suitable for high-grade paper are generally long, high in cellulose, and low in lignin.
Bamboo is identified in the report as an ideal raw material, while bagasse and hardwood sources such as jute sticks can also be developed and blended with bamboo fibre. The emergence of mini paper plants is presented as a potential development for the Indian paper industry because such plants require comparatively lower capital investment and can utilize indigenous expertise, know-how, and machinery. They can also provide an alternative means of reducing dependence on conventional raw materials.
Cost Estimation
| Particular | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 20 MT/Day |
| Land & Building (3 Acres) | Rs. 6.80 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 8.05 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 3.38 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 18.73 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 26% |
| Break Even Point | 56% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- 1. SHORTAGE OF FIBROUS RAW MATERIAL
- 2. HIGH PROCESS AND SHORTAGE OF CHEMICALS
- USES AND APPLICATION
- BESIDES, THE END USE OF PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS ARE,
- B. I. S. SPECIFICATION
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION FOR KRAFT PAPER
- SCOPE
- GRADES
- REQUIREMENTS
- MATERIAL
- FINISH
- SIZE AND TOLERANCE ON SIZE
- PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS:-
- PACKING AND MARKING
- PACKAGE
- ROLL
- MARKET POSITION OF KRAFT PAPER
- GLOBAL KRAFT PAPERS MARKET CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF REGION AS FOLLOWS:
- OVERVIEW OF INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY
- CHART 1: INDIA'S SHARE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET
- CHART 2: PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF PAPER (KG)
- CHART 3: DOMESTIC PAPER DEMAND (IN MN TONNES)
- THE BROAD CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDUSTRY ARE:
- CHART 4: INDIA VS. WORLD - SEGMENT WISE CONSUMPTION
- DOMESTIC DEMAND FOR PAPER IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE GROWING AT A ROBUST PACE WITH PACKAGING PAPER & BOARD AND SPECIALTY SEGMENTS REGISTERING THE FASTEST GROWTH RATES
- DEMAND DRIVERS
- RISING INCOME LEVELS & GROWING PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE
- CHART 5: PER CAPITA INDICATORS (RS '000 AT CURRENT PRICES)
- A LARGER PROPORTION OF EARNING POPULATION TO DRIVE CONSUMPTION
- CHART 6: AGE DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN POPULATION
- INCREASING URBANIZATION
- CHART 7: DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN POPULATION (%)
- WIDENING SPREAD OF EDUCATION AND INCREASE IN LITERACY RATE
- CHART 8: LITERACY RATE (%)
- CHART 9: NO. OF COLLEGES
- CHART 10: ENROLMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION (IN MN)
- RISING CIRCULATION AND NUMBER OF NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
- P&W SEGMENT TO WITNESS SLOWER CAPACITY ADDITION, WHILE ACKAGING PAPER & BOARD SEGMENT TO WITNESS RAMP UP
- CHART 11: PLANNED CAPACITY (IN MILLION TONNES)
- CHALLENGES
- ACCESS TO QUALITY AND COST COMPETITIVE RAW MATERIAL
- COMPETITION FROM IMPORTS
- TECHNOLOGY
- RAPIDLY INCREASING IMPORTS ALONG WITH STEADY EXPORTS AND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION INDICATES INCREMENTAL DOMESTIC DEMAND IS BEING MET THROUGH IMPORTS
- CHART 12: IMPORTS - PAPER (EXCL. NEWSPRINT)
- CHART 13: EXPORTS - PAPER (EXCL. NEWSPRINT)
- CHART 14: IMPORTS - NEWSPRINT
- CHART 15: EXPORTS - NEWSPRINT
- PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS PRICE MOVEMENT
- RAW MATERIAL SCENARIO
- CHART 16: SWEDISH PULPWOOD PRICES
- FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
- CHART 18: REVENUE GROWTH
- CHART 19: MARGINS
- CHART 20: DEBT LEVEL
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS
- REFINING
- PAPER MAKING AND FINISHING:-
- FORMING OF WET WEB:-
- PRESSING THE WET SHEET
- DRYING THE SHEET:
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MANUFACTURE OF KRAFT PAPER FROM WASTE PAPER
- FLOW SHEET OF MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
- FORMING OF WET WEB, PRESSING THE WET SHEET & DRYING THE SHEET
- METHOD OF PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PULPS
- (I) PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING UN-BLEACHED PULP FROM WET STRENGTH PAPER.
- PLANT LAYOUT
- POLLUTION CONTROL IN PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRIES (IN DETAIL)
- PROCESSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID EFFLUENTS:-
- COMMON PULPING PROCESSES
- CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF EFFLUENT FROM A LARGE SULPHATE (KRAFT) PULP AND PAPER MILL USING CHEMICAL RECOVERY
- POLLUTION CONTROL FOR LIQUID EFFLUENTS
- INPLANT MEASURES
- PROCESS CHANGES:-
- COMPLETE MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS FOR PAPER PLANT
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- WASTE PAPER
- CAUSTIC SODA
- ALUM
- ROSIN
- LIME POWDER
- PLANT AND MACHINERY SPECIFICATIONS
- FOR KRAFT PAPER FROM WASTE PAPER
- LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY WITH COST
- WASTE TREAD STREET
- LIQUOR AND CHEMICAL PREPARATION SECTION
- STOCK PREPARATION AND APPROACH FLOW SYSTEM
- MACHINE SECTION:-
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Paper manufacturing generally begins with preparing fibrous raw materials and converting them into pulp. The pulp is processed, refined, formed into a wet web, pressed, and dried to produce a paper sheet. Depending on the product, additional finishing, sizing, coating, cutting, or packaging operations may follow. The report specifically covers paper making and finishing, wet-web formation, pressing, drying, pulp preparation, and kraft paper manufacture from waste paper.
Paper can be manufactured from several fibrous raw materials, including bamboo, bagasse, hardwoods, jute sticks, agricultural residues, grasses, and recovered paper. The report highlights bamboo as an important fibre source and discusses the potential use of agricultural by-products. Waste paper can also be processed into pulp for kraft paper production. Selection depends on fibre characteristics, availability, quality requirements, process technology, and the intended paper grade.
Agricultural residues can provide alternative fibrous resources for pulp production. Materials such as bagasse, rice husk, wheat husk, jute sticks, and grasses can help broaden the raw-material base available to paper manufacturers. Their suitability depends on fibre quality, chemical composition, processing requirements, and the characteristics of the finished paper. The report emphasizes the development of agricultural by-products as a means of reducing dependence on conventional papermaking raw materials.
Kraft paper is widely used where paper products require suitable strength and functional performance. Common applications include packaging, bags, wrapping materials, industrial packaging, and related paper products. The exact application depends on the grade, basis weight, strength characteristics, finish, dimensions, and other specifications. The report includes sections covering BIS specifications for kraft paper, grades, requirements, material, finish, size tolerances, physical requirements, packing, marking, packages, and rolls.
Major challenges include access to quality and cost-competitive raw materials, competition from imports, technology requirements, and environmental management. The report also discusses raw-material scenarios, paper and paper-product price movements, and the relationship between imports, exports, and domestic production. Efficient fibre sourcing, suitable processing technology, cost management, and effective pollution-control measures are therefore important considerations when developing a paper manufacturing project.
Pollution control is important because pulp and paper manufacturing can generate liquid effluents and other process-related environmental impacts. Appropriate control measures help manage pollutants arising from pulping, chemical preparation, stock processing, and other operations. The report addresses processes and characteristics of liquid effluents, common pulping processes, chemical characteristics of effluent from kraft pulp and paper mills, pollution control for liquid effluents, in-plant measures, and process changes intended to improve environmental performance.
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