LUBE OIL BLENDING WITH GREASES
[EIRI/EDPR/0791](J.C.9406)
INTRODUCTION
Lube oils generally include all classes of lubricating materials that are applied as fuels. Nearly all of the world's lube oils are made from the move viscous portion of the crude oil which remains after removal of gas oil and lighter fractions by distillation. Much of the variations in physical characteristics and performance qualities of lubricating oils prepared from different crude sources can be accounted for by the millions of variations that can exist in a single large hydrocarbon molecule. In order to minimize variations and produce products that provide consistent performance in specific applications, four steps are followed in the manufacture of finished lubricating oils from the various available crudes. Selection and aggregating of crudes according to the principal types of hydrocarbon present; distillation of the crude to separate it into fractions containing hydrocarbons in the same sp range; processing to remove undesirable constituents from the various fractions or to convert same of these materials constituents from the various fractions or to convert same of these materials to more desirable materials, and blending to attain the physical characteristics that are required in the finished products and incorporating chemical agents to improve performance.
Basically, Lube oil is classified into two parts:-
1) Naphthenic oil (low cold-test)
2) Paraffinic oil
Naphthenic oil is more preferable then paraffinic oil because of its fluidity at low temperature, particularly in cold weather.
Paraffins have relatively low viscosity, density and high freezing point as compared to other types, they are used more commonly.
Greases:
These consist of a dispersion of a metallic soap in a lubricating oil and vary from mobile ligands to hard solids. Sodium or calcium soaps are more commonly employed but for special purposes aluminium or lithium soaps are used. Greases are used for lubricating bearings and other moving parts where lube oil would be unsuitable.
Primary components of greases are mineral oils & soaps. The oil consists of varying proportions of paraffinic naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbon. Soaps used in grease may be derived from animal or vegetable oils or fatty acids, wool grease, resin or petroleum acids. Apart from this variety of other compounds are added to lubricating greases to improve specific properties. Such components are corrosion and rust inhibiton and wear prevention agents. a grease thus produced is properly thicked in order that it remains in contact with the moving surfaces and does not leak out under pressure. Grease acts as a seal against dirt, dripping and spattering is eliminated, minimises starting frictions.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity:
Lube Oil Blending 5 KLS/Day
Grease 1 MT/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.14 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 70.60 Lac
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 3.10 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 5.10 Cr
Rate of Return 46%
Break Even Point 33%
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. USES AND APPLICATIONS
3. BIS SPECIFICATION
4. MARKET SURVEY
5. FORMULATIONS OF GREASES LEAD BASE LUBRICANT GREASES
6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
7. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
8. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
9. FORMULATIONS OF CALCIUM BASE GREASE
10. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF LUBRICATING OILS
11. SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
12. RAW MATERIALS CALCULATION
13. CALCULATION OF TIN CONTAINERS VARIOUS CAPACITIES
14. TIN CONTAINERS FOR GREASE PACKAGING
15. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
16. PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
17. EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
18. SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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