Industry Overview
Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are glass-covered, rectangular products that convert sunlight into electricity. PV panels generate direct current (DC), which is converted into alternating current (AC) through a solar inverter for use by residential and commercial consumers.
A photovoltaic module is a packaged assembly of solar cells, typically comprising 6×10 cells. Multiple modules are connected to form a solar array capable of generating and supplying electricity in residential and commercial photovoltaic systems. Each module is rated according to its DC output power under standard test conditions. A typical photovoltaic system may include solar modules, a solar inverter, interconnection wiring, and, depending on the application, batteries or solar trackers.
Solar PV technology includes crystalline silicon and thin-film technologies, along with concentrated photovoltaic systems. PV modules have applications across agriculture, industry, telecommunications, public services, healthcare, and residential power generation. The continued reduction in the cost of solar power and battery storage has also improved the economic attractiveness of photovoltaic electricity in many markets.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 97200 Per Year |
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 3.22 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.63 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Month | Rs. 9.98 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 16.22 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 71% |
| Break Even Point | 34% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- SOLAR CELL
- CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR CELL
- WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR CELL
- SOLAR CELL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- THIN FILM SOLAR CELL
- CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELL
- SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC (SPV) MODULE
- SOLAR PV PANNEL
- SERIES IN THE MODULE
- RATINGS OF SOLAR MODULE
- V-I CHARACTERISTIC OF SOLAR MODULE
- SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT OF PV MODULE
- THIS IS DENETED AS JSC.
- OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (VOC)
- MAXIMUM POWER POINT
- FILL FACTOR OF A SOLAR MODULE
- EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR MODULE
- NUMBER OF CELLS IN MODULE
- TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR PV MODULE
- (A) FLAT PLATE TECHNOLOGY
- (1) CRYSTALLINE TECHNOLOGY
- (A) MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON
- FIGURE BELOW DEPICTS THE MONOCRYSTALLINE CELL
- MONO CRYSTALLINE CELL
- (B) MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON OR POLY CRYSTALINE CELL
- (2) THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
- FIGURE BELOW DEPICTS THE THIN FILM CELL
- THIN FILM SOLAR CELL
- (A) AMORPHOUS SILICON THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
- (B) CADMIUM TELLURIDE THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
- (2) CONCENTRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY
- FIGURE BELOW DEPICTS A CONCENTRATED PV MODULE.
- CONCENTRATED PV TECHNOLOGY
- TYPES OF SOLAR PV PANEL
- (A) CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR PANEL
- SINGLE CRYSTALINE (MONO-CRYSTALLINE)
- POLY-CRYSTALLINE (MULTI CRYSTALLINE)
- (B) THIN FILM SOLAR PANEL (AMORPHOUS SOLAR PANELS)
- (A) AMORPHOUS SILICON THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
- (B) CADMIUM TELLURIDE THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
- ADVANTAGES OF PV PANNEL
- DISADVANTAGES OF PV PANNEL
- USES AND APPLICATION OF PV POWER PLANT
- EXAMPLES OF SOME APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOVOLTAICS ARE THE FOLLOWING:
- AGRICULTURE
- INDUSTRY, TELECOMMUNICATIONS & PUBLIC SERVICES
- HEALTH
- RESIDENTIAL
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR SOLAR PANEL
- ASSYMBLING PROCESS OF SOLAR PANEL
- PLANT AND MACHINERY
- (1) CELL TESTER
- (2) TABBING & STRINGING MACHINE
- (3) LAYUP MACHINE
- (4) MODULE LAMINATOR
- (5) MODULE TESTER
- (6) LASER INSPECTION MACHINE
- MARKET POSITION
- INDIA – POTENTIAL
- ANNUAL INSOLATION
- GROWTH IN THE INDIAN SOLAR MODULE SEGMENT
- OPPORTUNITIES IN THE GLOBAL SOLAR MODULE SEGMENT
- DEMAND FOR SOLAR PV MODULES BY YEAR (GW)
- WHY SHOULD WE PRODUCE PV MODULES IN INDIA?
- ECONOMIC SENSE TO SET UP PV MODULE CAPACITY.
- REALISTIC INDIAN SOLAR ENERGY INSTALLATION TARGET.
- INDIA’S ATTRACTIVENESS IN PV MODULE MANUFACTURING.
- THE OTHER PLAYERS RANKED ABOVE INDIA ARE AS FOLLOWS:
- OPPORTUNITY LIES AHEAD.
- INDIA CAN BE A LEADER IN PV MODULE MANUFACTURING.
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF PV SOLAR PV MODULE
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF SOLAR CELL
- SUPPLIERS OF EVA ENCAPSULATE
- SUPPLIERS OF TEMPERED GLASS
- SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM FRAMER
- SUPPLIERS OF JUNCTION BOX
- SUPPLIERS OF SILICON GEL
- SUPPLIERS OF THERMO PLASTIC BACK SHEET
- SUPPLIERS OF COMPELETE PRODUCTION PLANT FOR PV PANNEL
- SUPPLIERS OF COMPELETE PRODUCTION PLANT FOR PV PANNEL
- SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
- SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
- SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
- SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
A solar PV panel is a device that converts sunlight directly into electrical energy. It consists of interconnected photovoltaic cells assembled into a module and protected using suitable structural and encapsulation materials. The cells generate direct current when exposed to sunlight. In practical installations, multiple modules are connected into an array, while an inverter converts the generated DC electricity into AC electricity for use by consumers. Solar PV panels can be used in residential, commercial, agricultural, industrial, healthcare, telecommunications, and public-service applications.
A solar PV module generates electricity when photovoltaic cells absorb sunlight and produce direct current. The cells contain semiconductor materials that convert solar radiation into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. Individual cells are interconnected to achieve the required electrical output, and several modules can be combined to form a solar array. Since most consumer electrical systems require alternating current, a solar inverter is generally used to convert the module's DC output into AC electricity suitable for electrical loads or grid interconnection.
The main solar PV technologies covered in the report are crystalline silicon, thin-film, and concentrated photovoltaic technology. Crystalline silicon technology includes monocrystalline and multicrystalline or polycrystalline cells. Thin-film technology includes amorphous silicon and cadmium telluride technologies. Concentrated photovoltaic systems use optical arrangements to concentrate sunlight onto photovoltaic cells. The selection of technology depends on factors such as application requirements, manufacturing considerations, available space, operating conditions, and desired electrical performance.
Solar panel manufacturing requires specialized equipment for cell testing, interconnection, assembly, lamination, testing, and inspection. The report identifies a cell tester, tabbing and stringing machine, layup machine, module laminator, module tester, and laser inspection machine as key plant and machinery. Supporting infrastructure and equipment may also be required for electrical systems, utilities, environmental management, material handling, safety, and quality control. The final equipment configuration depends on the selected module technology, production capacity, automation level, and manufacturing process.
Solar PV panel manufacturing uses photovoltaic cells together with several module-level materials and components. The report identifies solar cells, EVA encapsulant, tempered glass, aluminium frames, junction boxes, silicon gel, and thermoplastic back sheets among the relevant supplies. These materials perform different functions, including electrical generation, encapsulation, protection, structural support, insulation, and electrical connection. Material specifications and quality requirements should be selected according to the module design, manufacturing process, applicable standards, environmental conditions, and intended application.
Solar photovoltaic power can be applied across residential, agricultural, industrial, healthcare, telecommunications, and public-service sectors. PV systems can provide electricity wherever suitable solar resources and system infrastructure are available. In agriculture, applications can support electrically powered activities, while industrial and commercial installations can contribute to onsite electricity requirements. PV systems are also useful for telecommunications and remote services where reliable electricity access is important. The appropriate system configuration depends on the electrical load, available solar resource, installation conditions, and whether energy storage or grid connectivity is required.
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