Industry Overview
Essential oils obtained from plants, herbs, flowers and spices are widely used in food products, cosmetics, cleaning products, fragrances, herbicides and insecticides. They have also been traditionally associated with medicinal applications, while growing interest in aromatherapy and natural bioactive substances has increased their commercial relevance. Essential oils contain volatile, lipophilic compounds, primarily monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives, which contribute to the characteristic aroma and flavor of the source material.
Traditional extraction methods include steam distillation, hydro-distillation and liquid-solvent extraction. High temperatures used in distillation can alter thermo-sensitive constituents, while organic solvents may create concerns regarding residual solvents. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), particularly with carbon dioxide (CO2), has therefore received considerable attention as an alternative technology. CO2 has a critical pressure of 74 bar and a critical temperature of 32oC, is non-toxic and non-flammable, and can be readily removed from the extract.
Supercritical CO2 extraction can produce high-quality essential oils and oleoresins while supporting recovery of natural functional ingredients for food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Extraction performance depends on pressure, temperature, cosolvent, extraction time, plant variety and location, harvesting time, plant part and pretreatment. The report examines supercritical extraction and fractionation technologies for essential oils and oleoresins, including processing of flowers, herbs and spices and the associated equipment, manufacturing processes and market considerations.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Cost / Value |
|---|---|
| Land & Building (1 Acre) | Rs. 2.35 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 3.60 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 1.25 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 7.49 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 34% |
| Break Even Point | 53% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- ESSENTIAL OILS
- THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SPICES USED ALONG WITH FOOD, NAMELY
- OLEORESIN
- MAJOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- ESSENTIAL OIL OF PLANT & HERBS
- OLEORESIN
- WHAT IS OLEORESIN
- OLEORESIN CAPSICUM
- PAPRIKA EXTRACT
- CHILI OLEORESIN
- USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- ESSENTIAL OILS FOR HAIR
- DIFFERENT OILS ARE USED FOR DIFFERENT PROBLEMS FACED BY THE HAIR. SOME OF THEM ARE GIVEN BELOW
- A. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS
- B. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HERBS SPIKENARD OIL (JATAMANSI OIL)
- C. CINNAMON OIL
- +CINNAMON OIL
- ZEODOARY OIL
- BEST ESSENTIAL OILS IN INDIA
- ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES
- USES OF ORANGE PEEL OIL (CITRUS PEEL OIL)
- PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- TERPENES
- MONOTERPENES [C10H16]
- B. SESQUITERPENES
- SESQUITERPENE LACTONES
- C. DITERPENES
- ALCOHOLS
- ACIDS
- ESTERS
- KETONES
- EXAMPLE
- ADVANTAGE OF SCF CO2 METHOD
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- PAPRIKA EXTRACTED OLEORESIN
- USES AND APPLICATION OF PAPRIKA EXTRACT
- COMPOSITION OF PAPRIKA EXTRACT
- OTHER CONSTITUENTS
- CAPSAICINOIDS
- GLYCOSIDES
- GLYCOLIPIDS
- SOURCES OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS
- ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
- INDIAN MARKET SHARE OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- IMPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
- EXPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
- ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
- DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF INDIA ESSENTIAL OILS
- GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- PRODUCT INSIGHTS
- APPLICATION INSIGHTS
- REGIONAL INSIGHTS
- COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
- MARKET POSITION OF OLEORESIN IN INDIA
- INDIA DOMINATES THE OLEORESIN MARKET
- FIGURE SUPPLIERS OF OLEORESINS TO EUROPE 2012-2016 IN TONS
- GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF OLEORESIN
- U.S. OLEORESIN MARKET VOLUME BY PRODUCT, 2014-2024 (TONS)
- FIGURE TURNOVER OF GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS OF FLAVOURS AND FRAGRANCES 2012-2016 IN € MILLION
- FIGURE IMPORTS OF OLEORESINS BY EUROPE 2012-2016 IN 1,000 TONES
- CARDAMOM OLEORESIN
- NUTMEG OLEORESIN
- PEPPER OLEORESIN
- TURMERIC OLEORESIN
- GINGER OLEORESIN
- CHILI OLEORESIN WORLD MARKET
- GLOBAL GROWING POPULARITY OF SPICES
- FUTURE GLOBAL MARKET TREND
- REQUIREMENT & COMPLIANCE OF OLEORESIN IN EUROPEAN MARKET
- RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF EXTRACTION SOLVENTS
- PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
- AN EXAMPLE OF A COMMON TYPE OF PACKAGING
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) OF ESSENTIAL OIL
- EFFECT OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS
- DETAILS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
- PUMPS
- PRESSURE VESSELS
- PRESSURE MAINTENANCE
- PROCESS OUTLINE TO MANUFACTURE ESSENTIAL OIL AND OLEORESIN
- PERCENTAGE EXTRACTED USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION SYSTEM
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE)
- A. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM FLOWERS
- FROM FLOWERS
- B. FROM HERBS
- 1. CLEANING
- 2. WASHING
- 3. DRYING
- 4. DISINTEGRATION INTO SMALL CHIP
- C. FROM SPICES
- 1. CLEANING
- 2. DRYING
- 3. CUTTING INTO PIECES
- EXTRACTION OF ROSE ESSENTIAL OIL
- ROSE ATTAR
- EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE OILS BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF OLEORESIN
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET DIAGRAM
- EXTRACTION OF OLEORESIN AND ESSENTIAL OIL FROM SPICES
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PAPRIKA OLEORESIN
- PRIME EXTRACT
- FURTHER PROCESSING
- TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
- FOR NEW MARKET ENTRANTS IN OLEORESIN
- ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA OF EUCALYPTUS OIL
- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
- DETAILS OF HYPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CO2 EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
- CO2 HYPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
- HAMMER MILLS
- FILTER PRESS
- ROTARY WASHER
- FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
- MIXER
- SIEVING MACHINE
- WEIGHING MACHINE
- MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- D.G. SETS
- BOILERS
- COOLING TOWER
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- FLOWERS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (GLOBAL)
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Essential oils are used across food, cosmetics, fragrances, cleaning products and other industrial applications. They contain volatile aromatic compounds that provide characteristic odors and flavors and can also contain compounds studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial and other biological properties. The report discusses applications involving food products, personal care, aromatherapy, natural ingredients and functional products. Their composition varies substantially according to the plant source, making appropriate extraction and processing important for preserving the desired characteristics of the final product.
Supercritical CO2 extraction uses carbon dioxide under conditions where it exhibits supercritical-fluid properties to recover compounds from plant materials. CO2 is particularly suitable because it is non-toxic, non-flammable, readily available in high purity and can be easily removed from the extract. Its solvent characteristics make it useful for extracting lipophilic substances such as many essential-oil constituents. The process can also support fractionation when compounds such as essential oils and co-extracted waxes need to be separated.
Supercritical CO2 is preferred in many applications because it can extract lipophilic compounds while avoiding the high temperatures associated with conventional distillation. It is also readily separated from the finished extract and does not introduce the same type of organic-solvent residue concern. The report highlights its environmental and processing advantages and describes its application for obtaining essential oils and natural bioactive substances. Extraction conditions can be adjusted to influence yield, selectivity and the composition of the recovered material.
Flowers, herbs and spices are among the plant materials used for essential oil and oleoresin extraction. The report specifically discusses sources including oregano, sage, thyme, rosemary, basil, marjoram and marigold, along with flowers and spice materials used for specialized products. Preparation requirements depend on the raw material and can include cleaning, washing, drying, cutting or disintegration. Plant variety, harvesting time, plant part and pretreatment can significantly affect extraction yield and the composition of the resulting extract.
Oleoresin is a concentrated plant extract that can contain volatile and non-volatile constituents of the source material, whereas essential oil primarily represents the volatile aromatic fraction. Oleoresins are commonly obtained from spices and can provide both aroma and flavor characteristics along with other extractable components. The report covers oleoresins from materials such as paprika, chili, cardamom, nutmeg, pepper, turmeric and ginger. Processing may involve extraction followed by further treatment or fractionation depending on the desired product characteristics.
Supercritical extraction performance is affected by pressure, temperature, cosolvent type and quantity, extraction time and the characteristics of the plant material. Plant location, harvesting time, the part of the plant used and pretreatment can also influence both extraction yield and composition. Pretreatment is particularly important for essential oils because their concentration in plant material may be low and mass-transfer resistance can limit extraction. Cell disruption can improve contact with the extraction medium, while suitable fractionation can help separate essential oils from co-extracted substances such as waxes.
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