Industry Overview
Artificial leather, also known as synthetic leather or PVC leather cloth, is a widely used substitute for natural leather in applications such as footwear, upholstery, luggage, bags, clothing, and decorative products. Historically, coated fabrics included American cloth based on linseed oil and later nitrocellulose coatings, but these were largely superseded by plastic coatings.
PVC is among the most useful plastics for leather-cloth production and can be manufactured in flexible or rigid forms. In conventional production, a specially woven fabric, commonly cotton cloth, is coated with PVC paste to provide a smooth, glossy, embossed, water-resistant, and durable surface. Embossing equipment can produce plain or engraved designs, while coating colours can be selected according to product requirements.
The material is valued for its water repellency, chemical resistance, strength, ease of cleaning, and competitive cost. It is used extensively where waterproofing and durability are required. The report identifies significant scope for manufacturing PVC leather cloth in India, where production has historically been limited, and notes potential for export-oriented artificial leather goods.
Modern continuous production systems and automatic machinery can support uniform quality and reduced labour requirements. Machinery for PVC leather-cloth production is also manufactured in India, creating opportunities for small-scale and other industrial enterprises to establish production facilities.
Cost Estimation
| Particular | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 12,000 Mtrs./Day |
| Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 3.21 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 4 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 3.09 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 10.53 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 56% |
| Break Even Point | 38% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- SPECIFICATION AND FEATURES OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- FEATURES OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- FAUX LEATHER
- TYPES OF FAUX LEATHER
- PLEATHER
- FIGURE 2: PLEATHER: PVC BASED (ON LEFT), PU BASED (ON THE RIGHT)
- NAUGAHYDE
- FIGURE 3: NAUGAHYDE
- VEGAN LEATHER
- FIGURE 4: VEGAN LEATHER
- ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF FAUX LEATHER TO REAL LEATHER
- ADVANTAGES OF FAUX LEATHER TO REAL LEATHER
- DISADVANTAGES OF FAUX LEATHER COMPARED TO REAL LEATHER
- USES AND APPLICATION OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- USAGE OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- AUTOMOTIVE
- FOOTWEAR
- FURNISHING
- LEATHER GOODS
- PU LEATHER
- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
- CHARACTERISTICS:
- AVAILABLE FORMS
- WEARING PROPERTIES
- DETAILS OF RAW MATERIALS
- 1. PLASTICISER
- 2. FILLERS
- 3. STABILIZER
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER (GLOBAL)
- GLOBAL SYNTHETIC LEATHER MARKET SHARE, BY APPLICATION,
- INDIAN MARKET POSITION
- THE BUSINESS
- LEATHER VS ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
- PRODUCTION PROCESS
- CHALLENGES
- REQUIREMENT OF FAUX LEATHER
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS/SUPPLIERS
- MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- 1. THE FIRST WAY IS CALENDERING WAY.
- 2. THE SECOND WAY IS RELEASE PAPER WAY
- PU LEATHER MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- 1: FIRST WAY IS WET PU LEATHER MANUFACTURING METHOD
- 2: SECOND WAY IS DRY PU LEATHER MANUFACTURING METHOD
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
- FORMULA WHICH IS USED FOR MIDDLE COAT
- PRODUCTION PROCESS OF FAUX LEATHER
- DIRECT COATING PROCESS
- TRANSFER COATING PROCESS
- WET PROCESSOR COAGULATION
- FORMULATION AND PROCESS OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE
- LINING:
- BED MATERIAL:
- THE PRESCRIPTION OF BED MATERIAL FOLLOWING (WEIGHT RATIO):
- THE PRESCRIPTION OF LINING FOLLOWING (WEIGHT RATIO):
- SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH ARTIFICIAL LEATHER MANUFACTURE METHOD:
- POLYURETHANE COATED FABRIC MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- THE TRANSFER COATING SYSTEM
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- OTHER COMMERCIAL METHODS
- ARTIFICIAL LEATHER WITH CLOTH BASE AND FOAMED PVC FILLER
- A FORMULATION OF THE IMPREGNATING PLASTIC PASTE, FOAMABLE OR NON-FOAMABLE, IS AS FOLLOWS:
- (A) PREPARATION OF NON-WOVEN MAT:
- (B) MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER:
- PRODUCT I
- PRODUCT II
- PRODUCT III
- EXAMPLES
- EMBODIMENT I
- EMBODIMENT II
- EMBODIMENT III
- ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
- LAMINATED ARTIFICAL LEATHER
- (I) FOR PVC AS THE FACE LAYER:
- (II) WHEN PU IS USED AS FACE LAYER:
- INGREDIENT PART BY WEIGHT
- EXAMPLE 1
- EXAMPLE 2
- EXAMPLE 3
- METHOD FOR FORMING LAMINATED SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- FEW IMPORTANT DETAILS DURING PROCESSING
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL
- PVC RESIN
- TITANIUM DIOXIDE
- LEAD STEARATE
- DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
- COLOR PIGMENT
- SUPPLIERS FOR PLANT AND MACHINERY [INDIAN]
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- BALL MILLS
- COOLING TOWERS & HEAT EXCHANGERS
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
PVC leather cloth is a synthetic leather material produced by coating a fabric base with PVC paste.
The fabric provides structural support while the PVC coating creates a smooth, durable, water-resistant surface. The material can be manufactured with glossy, matt, plain, or embossed finishes and can be produced in different colours. PVC leather cloth is commonly used where a practical substitute for natural leather or a waterproof, strong coated fabric is required.
PVC artificial leather is manufactured by applying a formulated PVC coating to a suitable fabric base.
The manufacturing process generally involves preparing the coating formulation, applying it to the fabric or another carrier surface, controlling coating thickness and curing conditions, and finishing the material. Depending on the product specification, embossing, lamination, colouring, and surface finishing may also be incorporated. The report describes continuous production systems as a means of achieving uniform quality and reducing labour requirements.
Synthetic leather is mainly used in footwear, upholstery, luggage, bags, clothing, automotive products, and other leather-goods applications.
Its usefulness comes from the ability to combine a fabric base with a polymeric surface that can provide durability, water resistance, and a leather-like appearance. PVC and PU-based materials can be produced in different finishes and constructions to suit particular applications. The report specifically identifies shoe uppers, upholstery, attaché cases, briefcases, bags, and waterproof applications among the potential uses.
PVC leather and PU leather are synthetic leather materials that use different polymer coatings.
PVC leather uses polyvinyl chloride as its principal coating material, while PU leather uses polyurethane. Their properties depend on formulation, substrate, coating structure, and finishing method. The report covers both PVC and PU technologies, including direct and transfer coating approaches and wet and dry PU manufacturing methods. Selection between the two depends on the required appearance, flexibility, performance characteristics, processing method, and intended application.
Synthetic leather production uses a polymer resin or coating material together with additives and a suitable textile base.
For PVC leather, the report identifies PVC resin, plasticiser, fillers, stabilizer, titanium dioxide, lead stearate, and colour pigment among the materials considered. The precise formulation depends on the required product characteristics and manufacturing process. Fabric selection is also important because the base cloth must provide suitable physical properties for the intended application, particularly in products such as footwear uppers and coated fabrics.
Artificial leather can provide a practical alternative to natural leather where consistent appearance, water resistance, and competitive cost are important.
The report highlights the shortage and high cost of natural leather as factors supporting demand for synthetic alternatives. Artificial leather can also be manufactured with controlled colours, textures, patterns, and surface finishes. Its resistance to water and chemicals can make it suitable for applications where these properties are important. However, product performance varies with the polymer, substrate, formulation, and manufacturing method used.
PVC leather manufacturing can be adapted to small-scale industrial production when suitable machinery, raw materials, process controls, and market demand are available.
The report specifically discusses the possibility of manufacturing artificial leather in the small-scale sector using automatic continuous production machinery. Such systems can support consistent production quality while reducing labour requirements. Commercial feasibility still depends on factors such as plant configuration, raw-material availability, product specifications, quality control, utilities, working capital, and access to domestic or export markets.
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