Code #3676
Industry Overview
Pomegranate is an important commercial fruit crop in India and is native to Iran (Persia). It is well suited to dry and semi-arid conditions and is known for its drought tolerance, although regular irrigation is required to achieve commercial yields. Irrigation requirements vary according to soil type, tree size, physiological stage and evaporation conditions, while practical orchard irrigation is often based on growers' experience.
The crop performs well under hot, dry summers and cold winters when irrigation facilities are available. A prolonged hot and dry climate during fruit development and ripening is considered favourable, with around 38°C identified in the report as a suitable temperature for fruit development. Humid conditions can increase damage from pomegranate butterfly and may adversely affect fruit sweetness. Pomegranate can tolerate considerable frost during dormancy but may be injured at temperatures below -11°C, and it can be cultivated across a range of elevations and climatic conditions.
Pomegranate grows in a wide variety of soils and can tolerate some degree of alkalinity and salinity. Deep, heavy loam and well-drained soils provide favourable conditions, while sandy loam, deep loamy and alluvial soils are also suitable. Soil-moisture fluctuations can cause fruit cracking, making appropriate water management important for commercial cultivation.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Cost / Value |
|---|---|
| Land & Building (100 Acres) | Rs. 19.66 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 9.84 Cr |
| Working Capital for 3 Months | Rs. 1.29 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 31.56 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 18% |
| Break Even Point | 58% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- VARIETY OF POMEGRANATE
- DHOLKA:
- SEEDLESS (BEDANA):
- GANESH
- MUSKAT
- JYOTHI
- JALORE SEEDLESS
- JODHPUR RED
- USES AND APPLICATION
- BOTANY OF POMEGRANATE
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF POMEGRANATE
- GROWING IMPORT FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- FIGURE: EUROPEAN IMPORT VOLUME OF FRESH FRUIT INCLUDINGPOMEGRANATES
- GERMANY IS A MAIN DESTINATION FOR POMEGRANATES
- FIGURE: MAIN IMPORTERS OF FRESH FRUIT INCLUDING POMEGRANATES IN EUROPE, INCLUDING EUROPEAN TRADE
- MOST OF THE IMPORT OF POMEGRANATES GOES THROUGH THE NETHERLANDS
- FIGURE: MAIN EUROPEAN EXPORTERS OF FRESH FRUIT INCLUDINGPOMEGRANATES INCLUDING EUROPEAN TRADE IN 1,000 TONNES
- SPAIN COMPETES FROM OCTOBER TO JANUARY
- TABLE: AREA AND PRODUCTION OF MAJOR POMEGRANATE GROWING STATES IN INDIA DURING 2012-13 TO 2014-15
- TABLE: EXPORT OF POMEGRANATE FROM INDIA (2006-07 TO 2013-14)
- TABLE: TRANSITIONAL PROBABILITY MATRIX OF POMEGRANATE EXPORT FROM INDIA DURING 2006 TO 2015
- TABLE: ACTUAL AND PREDICTED VALUES POMEGRANATE EXPORT TO DIFERENT COUNTRIES FROM INDIA (IN LAKH RUPEES)
- POMEGRANATE PLANT CULTIVATION IN INDIA
- PROMISING CULTIVARS OF POMEGRANATE
- GANESH:
- KANDHARI:
- NABHA:
- ASSAM LOCAL:
- JYOTHI:
- P.A.U SELECTION:
- MRIDULA:
- BASSE-IN-SEEDLESS:
- RUBY:
- FERTIRRIGATION OF POMEGRANATE
- CULTIVATION METHOD OF POMEGRANATE
- LAND PREPARATION
- PLANTING
- PLANTING MATERIAL
- PLANTING SEASON
- SPACING
- PLANTING METHOD
- NUTRITION
- IRRIGATION
- DRIP IRRIGATION
- TRAINING
- PRUNING
- INTER-CROPPING
- REGULATION OF BEARING
- PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES
- INSECT PESTS
- DISORDERS
- HARVESTING AND YIELD
- PROPAGATION IN POMEGRANATE FARMING
- PREPARATION OF LAND FOR POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- PLANTING IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- PLANTING MATERIAL:
- PLANTING TIME FOR POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- PLANT SPACING IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- PLANTING METHOD PREFERRED IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- MANURES AND FERTILIZERS IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- PESTS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN POMEGRANATE FARMING:
- SOIL AND CLIMATE FOR POMEGRANATE CULTIVATORS
- DETAILS OF CULTIVATIONS FOR POMEGRANATE
- PLANTING
- TRAINING AND PRUNING OF POMEGRANATE PLANTS
- FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN POMEGRANATE
- RECOMMENDED FERTILIZERS DOSES
- INTERCROPPING
- BAHAR TREATMENT OR CROP REGULATION
- BAHAR TREATMENT OR FLOWER INITIATION
- IRRIGATION
- WATER REQUIREMENT
- TISSUE CULTURE POMEGRANATE PLANTING
- CLIAMATE:
- PLANTING SEASON:
- LAND PREPARATION AND METHOD OF PLANTATION:
- CROP GEOMETRY:
- SELECTION OF VARIETY:
- BHAGWA/KESHAR:
- MRUDULA:
- WATER MANAGEMENT:
- SELECTION OF DRIP SYSTEM FOR JAIN TISSUE CULTURE POMEGRANATE PLANTS:
- IRRIGATION SCHEDULE FOR TISSUE CULTURE POMEGRANATE
- FERTILILZER MANAGEMENT:
- FLOWER AND FRUITS MANAGEMENT
- MRIG BAHAR (JUNE/JULY TREATMENT):
- HASTA BAHAHR (SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER TREATMENT):
- AMBEY BAHAHAR (DECEMBER/FEBRUARY TREATMENT):
- PROPAGATION FOR POMEGRANATE
- PLANTING:
- TRAINING:
- PRUNING:
- CROP REGULATION:
- POLLINATION:
- IRRIGATION:
- INTERCROPPING:
- MANURING AND FERTILIZATION:
- GROWING POMEGRANATES IN GREEN HOUSE
- GRADING AND PACKAGING AND POMEGRANATE
- FRUITS ARE GRADED ON THE BASIS OF FRUIT WEIGHT AND SIZE FOR BIG MARKETS FOLLOWING GRADES ARE FOLLOWED:
- MARKETING:
- PREHARVEST TREATMENTS OF FRUIT
- PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- HARVESTING, PACKING AND STORAGE
- POMEGRANATE PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
- TABLE. INSECT PEST OF POMEGRANATE, DAMAGE CAUSED AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT
- PESTS OF POMEGRANATE AND ITS CONTROL
- 1. FRUIT BORER OR POMEGRANATE BUTTERFLY (DEUDORIX ISOCRATES)
- 2. THRIPS (RHIPIPHOROTHRIPS CRUENTATUS/SCIRTOTHRIPS DORSALIS)
- 3. APHID (APHIS PUNICAE)
- 4. MITES (ACERIA GRANATI/OLIGONYCHUS PUNICAE/TENUIPALUS PUNICAE)
- 5. WHITEFLY (SIPHONINUS PHILLYREAE)
- 6. MEALY BUGS (PLANOCOCCUS SP., FERISSIA SP.)
- 7. BARK EATING CATERPILLAR (INDARABEAL TETRAONIS, I. QUADRINOTATA)
- 8. STEM BORER (COELOSTERNA SPINATOR)
- 9. SHOTHOLE BORER (XYLEBORUS FORNICATES/X. PERFORANS)
- 10. LEAF EATING CATERPILLAR (ACHAEA JANATA)
- 11. FRUIT SUCKING MOTHS (OTHREIS ANCILLA, O.CAJECTA, O.FULLONICA, O.MATERNA, ACHAEA JANATA)
- 12. TERMITES (WHITE ANTS) (ODONYOTERMIS OBESUS)
- 13. NEMATODES (EUDOCIMA FULLONIA, E. MATERNAL, E. HOMAENA, E. CAJETA)
- DISEASES OF POMEGRANATE AND ITS CONTROL
- 1. BACTERIAL BLIGHT (XANTHOMONAS AXONOPODIS PV. PUNICAE)
- ADOPT THE FOLLOWING SPRAY SCHEDULE
- 2. LEAF AND FRUIT SPOTS
- COLLETOTRICHUM AND SPHACELOMA SPOTS
- CERCOSPORA SPOTS
- ALTERNARIA SPOTS
- DRECHSLERA SPOTS
- 3. WILT COMPLEX (CERATOCYSTIS FIMBRIATA, FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI AND NEMATODES)
- 4. PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT (PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE)
- 5. FRUIT ROT (CERCOSPORA PUNICAE/COLLETOTRICHUM LOEOSPORIOIDES)
- FRUIT DISORDERS
- 1. FRUIT CRACKING
- 2. SUN SCALD
- 3. INTERNAL BREAK DOWN OF ARILS
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF EQUIPMENT'S
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
Pomegranate generally performs well in hot, dry and semi-arid climates. The report indicates that prolonged hot and dry conditions during fruit development and ripening are favourable, while humid conditions can increase pest problems and adversely affect fruit quality. The crop can tolerate drought and some frost during dormancy, although very low temperatures can cause injury. Suitable climatic conditions should therefore be considered together with irrigation availability, particularly where commercial production is planned.
Well-drained soils are generally suitable for pomegranate cultivation. The report identifies deep heavy loam, sandy loam, deep loamy and alluvial soils as suitable conditions. Pomegranate can tolerate some alkalinity and salinity, but good drainage remains important. Soil-moisture fluctuations should also be managed because irregular moisture conditions can contribute to fruit cracking. Soil selection and preparation should therefore be planned according to local soil characteristics and the intended irrigation system.
Irrigation is important because commercial pomegranate production requires adequate and appropriately timed water even though the crop is drought tolerant. The report notes that irrigation requirements depend on soil type, tree size, physiological stage and evaporation conditions. It also highlights the importance of avoiding fluctuations in soil moisture because they can contribute to fruit cracking. Drip irrigation and fertigation are included among the cultivation practices covered in the report.
A pomegranate farming project can cover land preparation, planting material, planting season, spacing, nutrition, irrigation, drip irrigation, training, pruning, intercropping, crop regulation and plant protection. The report also covers fertigation, tissue culture planting, water management, flower and fruit management, propagation, harvesting, grading, packaging, storage and marketing. These activities form an integrated cultivation framework for managing orchard establishment, crop development, fruit quality and post-harvest handling.
Pomegranate cultivation requires attention to both insect pests and diseases. The report discusses pomegranate butterfly, thrips, aphids, mites, whiteflies, mealy bugs, borers, termites and other pests. Diseases covered include bacterial blight, leaf and fruit spots, wilt complex, Phytophthora blight and fruit rot. The report also addresses fruit disorders such as fruit cracking, sun scald and internal breakdown of arils. Effective crop protection requires monitoring and appropriate management practices throughout the production cycle.
The report covers several pomegranate varieties and cultivars, including Dholka, Seedless (Bedana), Ganesh, Muskat, Jyothi, Jalore Seedless and Jodhpur Red. Its cultivation sections also discuss promising cultivars such as Kandhari, Nabha, Assam Local, P.A.U Selection, Mridula, Basse-in-Seedless and Ruby, along with Bhagwa/Keshar and Mrudula in the tissue-culture section. Variety selection is presented as an important component of pomegranate cultivation planning.
Post-harvest handling includes harvesting, grading, packaging, storage and marketing. The report states that fruits are graded according to fruit weight and size for major markets and separately covers preharvest treatments, harvesting, packing and storage. Proper handling helps maintain fruit quality and supports market-oriented distribution. The report also includes market-related sections covering imports, exports and European trade, providing a broader context for the commercial marketing of pomegranates.
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