RO MEMBRANE
[CODE NO.3974]
Reverse Osmosis is a process in which dissolved inorganic solids (such as salts) are removed from a solution (such as water). This is accomplished by household water pressure pushing the tap water through a semipermeable membrane.
Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane.
To understand the purpose and process of Reverse Osmosis you must first understand the naturally occurring process of Osmosis.
Osmosis is a naturally occurring phenomenon and one of the most important processes in nature. It is a process where a weaker saline solution will tend to migrate to a strong saline solution. Examples of osmosis are when plant roots absorb water from the soil and our kidneys absorb water from our blood.
Below is a diagram which shows how osmosis works. A solution that is less concentrated will have a natural tendency to migrate to a solution with a higher concentration. For example, if you had a container full of water with a low salt concentration and another container full of water with a high salt concentration and they were separated by a semi-permeable membrane, then the water with the lower salt concentration would begin to migrate towards the water container with the higher salt concentration.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity : 1800 Nos/day
Land & Building (4047 Sq.MT) : Rs. 2.28 Cr
Plant & Machinery : Rs. 2.25 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Month : Rs 1.56 Cr
Total Capital Investment : Rs. 6.45 Cr
Rate of Return : 39%
Break Even Point : 56%
INTRODUCTION
STAGES OF FILTRATION
STORAGE TANK
TYPES OF MEMBRANE PROCESSES
(A) ULTRAFILTRATION
(B) MICROFILTRATION MICRO FILTRATION
(C) REVERSE OSMOSIS
RO IS ALSO KNOWN AS HYPERFILTRATION
TYPES OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE
(A) ASYMMETRIC MEMBRANE - CELLULOSE ACETATE (CA) MEMBRANE
MEMBRANE PREPARATION:
CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANE FILTER APPLICATIONS
CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANE FILTER SPECIFICATIONS
PERFORMANCE BY PORE SIZE
(B) THIN FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRAN:-
CONSTRUCTION
SPIRAL WOUND MODULE
CONSTRUCTION
HOW IT WORKS
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGE
USES AND APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MANUFACTURING OF FOR THIN FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRANE ELEMENT
RAW MATERIALS:
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THERE ARE THE MAIN THREE STEPS FOR MAKING TFC MEMBRANE
THE TECHNOLOGY FOR PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE POLYAMIDE
REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) MEMBRANE INVOLVES VARIOUS STEPS:
(1) PREPARATION OF CASTING SOLUTION (PSF SOL)
(2) PHASE INVERSION METHOD FOR PREPARATION SUPPORTING
MEMBRANE (LAYER) (CASTING PROCESS)
IMMERSION PRECIPITATION 31
FACTORS AFFECTING MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
(A) ADDITION OF SOLVENT TO THE COAGULATION BATH
(B) POLYMER CONCENTRATION
(C) ADDITION OF NON-SOLVENT TO THE CASTING SOLUTION
(D) EVAPORATION TIME
(E) PORE-FORMING ADDITIVES
MEMBRANE POST-TREATMENT
(A) ANNEALING
(B) CROSS LINKING
(C) DRYING BY SOLVENT EXCHANGE
(3) PREPARATION OF POLYAMIDE ACTIVE LAYER (COATING PROCESS)
ON SUPPORT LAYER
COATING PROCESS
(A) DIP COATING
(B) INTERFACIAL POLYMERISATION
(4) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF SPIRAL WOUND MEMBRANE CARTRIDGE
TESTING 39
HYDROSTATIC TEST
MARKING
PACKING
MARKET POSITION
GLOBAL MARKET TREND
KEY MARKET PLAYERS
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE
SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
6. TRANSPORTATION:
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
8. TOTAL LOAD:
9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
SUPPLIERS OF TFC RO MEMBRANE
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF POLY SULPHONE
SUPPLIERS OF N-METHYL PYRROLIDONE
SUPPLIERS OF NON-WOVEN POLYSTER FABRIC
SUPPLIERS OF TRI METHYL CLORIDE
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF TFC RO MEMBRANE MAKING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF SPIRAL WOUND MEMBRANE ASSEMBLING PLANT
SUPPLIERS PF POLY SULPHONE CASTING AND COATING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MEMBRANE LAB TEST EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
APPENDIX – A:
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
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