Industry Overview
Toughened or tempered glass is a safety glass processed through controlled thermal or chemical treatment to provide substantially greater strength than ordinary annealed glass. During thermal tempering, the glass surface is placed under compressive stress while the inner portion remains under tensile stress. This treatment improves resistance to mechanical loading and thermal shock and causes fractured glass to disintegrate into small granular pieces rather than sharp, jagged shards, thereby reducing the risk of severe injury.
Toughened glass is widely used in passenger vehicle windows, shower doors, architectural doors and tables, refrigerator trays, mobile screen protectors, bullet-resistant glass components, diving masks, cookware and other demanding applications. It is also suitable for residential and commercial uses such as countertops, shelves, table tops, doors, window panels and glazing.
Thermal toughening generally involves heating glass above its annealing point followed by rapid cooling with air or another cooling medium. A chemical toughening method can also be used, particularly for complex-shaped glass, by exchanging sodium ions at the glass surface with larger potassium ions in a molten potassium nitrate medium. Toughened glass is commonly manufactured from soda-lime-silica glass, and its increased strength results from the controlled stress distribution introduced during processing.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 10000 sq.ft./Day |
| Land & Building (1.5 Acre) | Rs. 5.78 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 4.50 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 5.08 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 15.98 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 41% |
| Break Even Point | 42% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- LAMINATED TOUGHENED SAFETY GLASS:-
- TOUGHENED GLASS HAS TO PASS THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT TESTS:
- BECAUSE OF THE STRENGTH AND OTHER SPECIFIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MENTIONED ABOVE, IT FINDS APPLICATIONS IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS:
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- AUTOMOBILES
- BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
- FOOD SERVICE
- COOKING AND BAKING
- MOBILE DEVICES
- MANUFACTURING
- ADVANTAGES
- DISADVANTAGES
- INSULATED GLASS
- MARKET POTENTIAL
- UK TEMPERED GLASS MARKET DEMAND, BY APPLICATION, 2012-2022
- (MILLION SQUARE METERS)
- OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL GLASS MARKET
- MAIN TYPES OF GLASS
- ANNEALED GLASS
- TOUGHENED GLASS
- LAMINATED GLASS
- LAMINATED GLASS IS PRODUCED USING ONE OF TWO METHODS:
- COATED
- DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- DETAILED IMPORT DATA OF TEMPERED CLEAR GLASS
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- TOUGHENED GLASS
- CHARACTERISTICS OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- PROPERTIES OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- BENEFITS:
- STRENGTH & SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
- RESISTANCE TO THERMAL BREAKAGE
- PROPERTIES
- APPLICATIONS OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- ADVANTAGES:
- TOUGHENED WINDOW PANES:
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- GLASS CUTTING
- GLASS POLISHING:
- DRILLING & MILLING
- GLASS WASHING
- TOUGHENING
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- PROCESS OF TOUGHENED GLASS IN DETAILS
- GLASS CUTTING
- GLASS POLISHING
- DRILLING AND MILLING
- GLASS WASHING
- TOUGHENING OR TEMPERING
- TOUGHENING PROCESS
- WASHING AND DRYING
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- GENERAL USES OF TOUGHENED GLASS:-
- AUTOMOBILES
- BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
- FOOD SERVICE
- COOKING AND BAKING
- MOBILE DEVICES
- PROPERTIES & CHADRACTERISTICS
- THE COMPOSITION OF GLASS:-
- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TOUGHENED GLASS
- DIMENSIONS FOR TOUGHENED SAFETY GLASS USED WITH ROUND WINDOWS
- ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
- SAFETY LAMINATION:-
- FORMULATION
- FLOW SHEET
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF INSULATED GLASS
- GLASS LITES:
- FRAME:
- DESICCANT:
- SEALANT:
- FILLING:
- GAS-FILLING EQUIPMENT
- THE CHAMBER METHOD
- LANCE AND PROBE METHOD
- TECHNICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SODA-LIME FLAT GLASSES
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (IMPORTED)
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE
- POLISHING MACHINE
- GLASS DRILLING MACHINE
- GLASS CUTTING MACHINES
- LATHE MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SHEET GLASS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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