ZINC CHLORIDE (ZnCl2)
[CODE NO. 3376]
Zinc is in Group II B of the periodic table and exhibits a valence of +2 in all its compounds. Being high on the electromotive series, Zinc form quite stable compounds. Bonding in Zinc compounds tends to be covalent, with strongly electropositive elements, eg chlorine, the bond is more ionic.
Zinc chloride is one of the important zinc componds. It is stable in the vapour phase upto 900oC. It is very hygroscopic, extremely water soluble, and soluble in organic liquids such as alcohols, esters, ketones,ethers, amides and mitrictes. Hydrates with 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3, and 4 molecules of water have been identified and great care must be expressed to avoid hydration of the anhydrous form.
Aqueous solution of zinc chloride are acidic (pH=1.O for 6 m ),and when partially neutralized form slighly soluble basic chlorides eg. Zncl2 and 4 Zn( ch)2 and Zn(ch)cl many other basic chlorides have been reported.
Zinc Chloride (Zn Cl2) is available as white, crystalline powder, odourless, moulded in pencils or porcelains like mass.
It is one of the most soluble inorganic substances 432gm dissolving in 100 ml of water at 25o, and 635 gm at 100oC. It is also quite soluble in organic solvents containing oxygen or nitrogen.
It is difficult to remove the last traces of water from the solid for it is highly hygroscopic. It is surprising that the degree of hydrolysis of aqueous solution of Zinc Chloride at moderate dilution is very small. Its aqueous solution is acidic. It has been called "butter of zinc" because of its formation of a white semi solid mass on evaporation.
Zinc Chloride is obtained by heating zinc with dry chlorine gas, by the action of hydrochloric acid on Zinc Oxide, or by heating a mixture of Zinc Sulphate and Sodium Chloride.
It is economical to manufacture zinc chloride from secondary Zinc sources as Zinc dross, sal skimming, etc. The zinc dross is treated with some what less than required quantity of hydrochloric acid and the clear liquid is filtered off. The oxides dross residue is then treated with chlorine and the resultant zinc chloride is leached off and added to the first filtrate. The clear liquid is evaporated to the desired stage
Zinc chloride is an industrially important compound of Zinc. In aqueous solution, it may be used alone or in combination with phenol or sodium chromate as a wood preservative for railway sleepers poles for communication lines, etc. and for fire proofing timber.
In the textile industry,Zinc chloride is used for crimping wool,cotton and silk. It is used as carbonizing agent in treating wool and for fire proofing woolen goods. In the rayon industry, Zinc Chloride is used as catalyst or process material for miscellaneous purposes.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity : 13.33 MT/day
land & Building (3000 Sq.Mtr) : Rs. 2.25 Cr
Plant & Machinery : Rs. 1.25 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months : Rs. 3.14 Cr
Total Capital Investment : Rs. 6.84 Cr
Rate of Return : 26%
Break Even Point : 54%
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
SPECIFICATION OF ZINC ASH
SPECIFICATIONS AND TERMS IN BRIEF:
SPECIFICATIONS & GRADES OF ZINC CHLORIDE
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION OF ZINC CHLORIDE SOLUTION LYE OR BRINE
BIS SPECIFICATION FOR ZINC CHLORIDE
GRADES
HAZARDS
SCOPE
GRADES
PACKING AND MARKING
TABLE I REQUIREMENTS FOR ZINC CHLORIDE, SOLID
SAMPLING
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AMMONIA
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
CALCULATION.
WHERE
FOR FLUX GRADE
DETERMINATION OF ALKALIS AND ALKALINE EARTHS
CALCULATION
WHERE
TEST FOR ALKALINITY
REAGENTS
TEST FOR HEAVY METALS
PROCEDURE
TEST FOR NITRATES
REAGENTS
DETERMINATION OF SULPHATES
REAGENTS
CALCULATION
WHERE
TEST FOR IRON
APPARATUS
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
SCALE OF SAMPLING
CONTAINER AND REGULATIONS
USES AND APPLICATIONS
APPLICATION:
ZINC CHLORIDE AS GRIGNARD CATALYST
ZINC CHLORIDE AS A GERMICIDE
ZINC CHLORIDE AS A DRYING AGENT
ZINC CHLORIDE IN LEAD DEZINCING
CHLORINE DEZINCING
ZINC CHLORIDE AS COAL HYDROGENATION CATALYST
ZINC CHLORIDE IN POLYESTER MANUFACTURING
ZINC CHLORIDE IN FLUXES WITH KHF2
AS A METALLURGICAL FLUX 39
IN TEXTILE AND PAPER PROCESSING 39
SMOKE GRENADES
FINGERPRINT DETECTION
DISINFECTANT
SKIN CANCER TREATMENT
SAFETY
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
MARKET SURVEY
IMPORT DATA OF ZINC CHLORIDE
EXPORT DATA OF ZINC CHLORIDE
MARKET SURVEY (GLOBAL)
PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION OF ZINC CHLORIDE
PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ZINC CHLORIDE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
REACTION & MATERIAL REQUIREMENT:-
REACTION
PROCESS:
MANUFACTURE OF ZINC CHLORIDE FROM ZINC METAL
PROCESS
PURIFICATION
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
DISCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE PROCESS LEACHING TANK
FILTER PROCESS
EVAPORALOR
CONTINUOUS TUNNELS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ZINC CHLORIDE
CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
FIRST AID MEASURES
FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
HANDLING AND STORAGE
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY DATA
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
APPENDIX – A:
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
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