Detailed Project Report (DPR) on Modern Technology of Food Additives, Sweeteners and Food Emulsifiers (hand book)

The book Modern Technology of Food Additives, Sweeteners and Food Emulsifiers covers  Product Information, Biochemical Pathways for the Production of Flavour Compounds in Cheeses during Ripening, Sweetner (Natural Mixed), Artificial Sweeteners, Alternative Sweeteners, Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a Bio sweetener, Profiles of Sweeteners in Aqueous Solutions, Effect of Different Sweeteners in Low Calorie Yogurts, Effect of Dietetic Sweeteners on the Quality of Cookies, Rosogolla with Alternative Sweetener, Carbohydrate and Intense Sweeteners, Additives (Character), Food Additive, Food Additive having Carraghenate, Allium Thiosulinates: Chemistry, Biological Properties and their Potential Utilization in Food Preservation,  Hydrocolloids in Food Industry, Xanthan Gum, Guar Foaming Albumin A Foam Stabillizer, Stabilizer Blends and their importance in ice cream industry, Evaluation of Gelling Properties of Tamarind Seed, Lecithin, the Multipurpose Emulsifier for Foods, Significance of emulsifiers and Hydrocolloids in Bakery Industry, Emulsifier of Food , Hydrated Emulsifier, Powder Emulsifier, Biocompatible emulsifier, Starches as Thickeners.

PRODUCT INFORMATION

Why are food additives used?
Where do food additives come from?
Plant sources
Nature-identical products
Modified Natural Substances
Man made products 
How is the safety of food additives evaluated in the European Union?
Intolerance to food additives
Categories
Acids
Acidity regulators
Articaking agents
Antifoaming agents
Antioxidants
Bulking agents
Food coloring
Color retention agents
Emulsifiers
Flavors
Flavor enhancers
Flour treatment agents
Glazing agents
Humectants
Tracer gas
Preservatives
Stabilizers
Sweeteners
Tickeners
Sweeteners
Artificial or intense sweeteners
Bulk sweeteners
Sweeteners in food
Slimming and Sweeteners
Emulsifiers
What are emulsions
Emulsifiers in food 
How Emulsifiers Work
Origin and manufacture of emulsifiers


BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLAVOUR COMPOUNDS IN
CHEESES DURING RIPENING

Metabolism of lactose, lactate and citrate
D-(+)Lactate
L-(+)-Lactate
Lipolysis and metabolism of fatty acids
Proteolysis and related events 
Bitterness and other off flavours
Calabolism of Amino Acids and Related Events
Production of amines and pyrazines
Deamination and formation of neutral or acidic compounds 
Transamination, the Strecker reaction and production of aldehydes
Catabolism of sulphur amino acids
Catabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan
Catablism of arginine, aspartate, glutamate, andthreonine
Catabolism of branched chainamino acids
Conclusion

SWEETNER (NATURAL MIXED)

ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

Sucrose to glucose forenergy
Sugar Substitutes Sweeteners
Sweet Taste Is There A Distinction Between Artificial or Natural?
Research, regulation and the FDA-current approved artificial sweeteners
Neotame
Alternative Sweeteners
Future Sweeteners

ALTERNATIVE SWEETENERS

Cyclamate
Aspartame
Neohesperidan Dihydrochalcone
Miraculin
Monellin
Thaumatin I,II

STEVIA (STEVIA REBAUDIANA) A BIOSWEETENER)

Chemical constituents
Proximate composition of Stevia
Physiological and pharmacological actions
Human studies
Cariogenic and mutagenic effects
Stevia products
Medicinal values
Uses of Stevia
Conclusion

PROFILES OF SWEETENERS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Material and Methods
Statistical Analysis
Results and Discussion 
Conclusions

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SWEETENERS IN LOW CALORIE YOGURTS

Artificial Sweeteners
Types of Artificial sweeteners
Aspartame
Acesulfame aspartame
Saccharin
Cyclamate
Sucratose
Accepted daily intake
Final Considerations


EFFECT OF DIETETIC SWEETENERS ON THE QUALITY  OF  COOKIES

Materials and Methods
Procurement of samples
Proximate analysis of wheat flour
Preparation of cookies
Analysis of cookies
Physical analysis
Sensory evaluation
Chemical analysis
Gross energy value
Statistical analysis
Results and Discussion
Chemical composition of wheat flour
Sensory evaluation of cookies
Physical tests of cookies
Chemical analysis of cookies
Calorific value of cookies
Conclusion

ROSOGOLLA WITH ALTERNATIVE SWEETENER

Materials and Methods
Preparation of Coagulant for Chhana
Preparation of Chhana for Rosogolla
Preparation of Control Rosogolla 
Preparation of Experimental Rosogolla
Physico-Chemical Analysis
Sensory Evaluation
Consumer Preference 
Cost Estimation
Experimental Design
Results And Discussion
Texture Analysis of Rosogolla
Hardness
Cohesiveness
Springiness
Gumminess
Chewiness
Yield of Rosogolla
Colour Score
Flavour Score
Taste Score
Mouthfeel
Overall Acceptibility
Shelf life Report
Cost Estimation
Conclusion

CARBHYDRATE AND INTENSE SWEETENERS

Carbohydrate sweeteners 
Sucrose
Glucose syrups/highfructose glucose syrups
Fructose (levulose)
Overview-Intense sweeteners
Sweetener approval 
Labelling
Main intense sweeteners in use in soft drinks
Stability
Temperature 
Phenylketonuria
Regulatory
Salt of aspartame and acesulfame
Alitame
Cyclamate
Sucralose
Neotame
Saccharin
Stevioside
New sweeteners/bulking agents used in soft drinks
The  future

ADDITIVES (CHARACTER)

Antioxidants
Antioxidants
Preservatives
Emulsifiers and Stabilizers
Food Colours
Some Dyestuff Food Colours in Current use
Natural or Nature Identical Food Colours 
Natural Colors for Beverages
Flavour Components of Herbs and Spices 
Sequestrants
Anticaking agents
Acids, Buffers, and Bases
Humectants
Firming and Crisping 
Agents
Sweeteners
Enzymes
Nutritive Additives
Vitamins
Trace Elements
Minerals
Essential Amino Acids
Essential Amino Acids
Essential Amino Acids
Flour and Bread Additives

FOOD ADDITIVE

Classification of food additives 
Acidity regulator 
Anti-caking agents
Antifoaming agents
Antioxidants
Some popular antioxidant foods
Antioxidant vitamins
Ascrbic acid -E300
Antioxidants benefits 
Bulking agents 
Colour retention agents
Colouring
Emulsifiers
Emulsifying salt 
Firming agents
Flavors
Flavor enhancers
Flour treatment agents
Food acids
Gelling agents 
Glazing agents
Humectants
Mineral salts
Preservatives
Propellants
Seasonings
Sequestrants
Stabilizers
Sweeteners
Commonly used sweeteners
Thickeners
Tracer gas
Vegetable gums
'E' numbering
Dangers of fod additives and preservatives
Effects of food additives
Cytotoxic effects of food additives
Food additives and safety
Conclusion
Colour additive to avoid 
Flavourings & sweeteners to avoid

FOOD ADDITIVE HAVING CARRAGHENATE 

Preparation of an Additive Subject of the method
Preparing a Fine  Paste
Preparation of a Paste

ALLIUM THIOSULFINATES CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND THEIR POTENTIAL UTILIZATION IN FOOD PRESERVATION

Chemical Structure and Biosynthesis of Thiosulfinates
Chemical Structure of Other Organosulfur Compounds
Antibacterial Properties
Antifungar Properties
Antioxidant Properties
Concluding Remarks

HYDROCOLLOIDS IN FOOD INDUSTRY

Functional properties
Viscosity enhancing or thickening properties 
Gelling properties
Surface activity and emulsifying properties
Hydrocolloids as edible films and coatings 
Hydrocolloids as fat replacers 
Origins and structures of hydrocolloids
Plant hydrocolloids
Hemicelluloses
b-DGlucans
Pectins
Exudate gums
Gum arabic
Tragacanth gum
Gum karaya
Gum ghatti
Mucilage gums
Psyllium gum 
Yellow mustard mucilage 
Flaxseed mucilage
Fructans
Seaweed hydrocolloids
Alginates
Carrageenans
Agar
Microbial hydrocolloids
Xanthan gum
Pullulan
Gellan gum
Animal hydrocolloids
Chitin and chitosa
Gelatin
Chemiclly modified hydrocolloids
Hydrocolloids in the production of special products 
Soft gelatin capsules
Liquid core capsules
Jelly like foods
Fruit products
Frozen product
Candies
Fabricated foods
Health benefits of hydrocolloids
Hydrocolloid and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Hydrocolloids and type 2 diabetes
Hydrocolloids as laxative and antidiarrhea

XANTHAN GUM 

Chemistry and Structure of Xanthan Gum 
Toxicology, safety and regulatry Status 
Prperties of Xanthan Gum 
Xanthan gm in food Applications
Bakery Products 
Beverages
Dairy
Dressings
Pet Food
Syrups, Toppings, Relishes and Sauces


GUAR FOAMING ALBUMIN A FOAM STABILIZER 

Materials and methods
Materials
Foaming  Studies
Bubble size measurement
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Results and discussion
Effect of Nacl addition
Bubble size distribution
Immunological analysis

STABILIZER BLENDS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN ICE CREAM INDUSTRY

Formulation of Different Stabilizer Blends
Gelatin
Guar Gum
Locust Bean Gum
Carrageenan
Alginates
Xanthan Gum
Relationship Between ice cream composition and stabilizer concentration

ENVALUATION OF GELLING PROPERTIES OF TAMARIND SEED

Materials and methods
Extraction of mucilage from tamarind seeds
Phytochemical Examination
Physicochemical characterization of mucilage 
Determination of viscosity
Characterization of TSP
Evaluation of gelling property of the gels
Results and Discussions 
Phytochemical characterization of TSP
Spectroscopy analysis
Conclusion

LECITHIN, THE MULTIPURPOSE EMULSIFIER FOR FOODS

The Occurrence in Living Matter
The Extraction of Lecithin by Man
The Practical Use of Lecithin by Man
The Return of Lecithin to Liing Matter 

SIGNIFICANCE OF EMULSIFIERS AND HYDROCOLLOIDS IN BAKERY INDUSTRY

Emulsifiers
Role of emulisifiers in manufacture of baked goods 
Bakery applications of selected emulsifiers
Hydrocoloids
Role of hydrocolloids in manufacture of baked goods
Bakery applications of selected hydrocolloids
Tree gum exudates
Algal sources
Seeds
Microbial sources
Modified polysaccharides
Animal sources
Conclusion

EMULSIFIER OF FOOD

Preparation

HYDRATED EMULSIFIER

Method 1
Method 2
Method 3

POWDER EMULSIFIER

Specific Embodiments of the method
Conclusions

BIOCOMPATIBLE EMULSIFIER

STARCHES AS THICKENERS

Materials and methods
Starches
Preparation and frozen storage of the white sauces
Rheological behaviour 
Linear viscoelastic properties of white sauces
Syneresis of white sauces
Data treatment
Results and discussion
Starch pasting properties in the white sauces
Starch source
shearing speed
Linear viscoelastic properties
Freshly prepared sauces
Freeze/thaw stability of sauces
Sauce syneresis
Conclusin