ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL
[EIRI/EDPR/1685] (J.C. 506, 628 (US$)
INTRODUCTION
Carbon is probably the most widely distributed element in nature. It occurs in two allotropic crystalline forms viz. graphite (hexagonal system) and diamond (isomeric system), the former is soft and black while diamond is hard and transparent. Charcoal, coke and carbon black, classified as emorphous carbon; are considered by some to represent a third allotropic form. They are said to be composed of very minute crystals of graphite by others. Carbon is an essential constituent of all vegetable and animal matter in which it occurs in combination with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and other elements in immense variety of compounds. In combination with hydrogen it occurs as hydrocarbons in petroleum. It is also found in carbon dioxide in air (0.03% as sodium bicarbonate in sea water, and as calcium and magnesium carbonate in sedimentary rocks such as chalk and dolomite.
Many carbons of industrial value are prepared from coal and from organic vegetable and animal matter. The resulting amorphous products include charcoal, coke and protroleum coke. Several carbon products are prepared and used in the electrical and electro-chemical industry.
Carbon 13, a stable isotope of carbon (At wt 13) has recently come into prominence as a tracer element employed in the study of biological process. It is obtained from carbon compounds by concentrating the minute quantity of the heavier isotope, normally present in them, by thermal diffusion methods. Carbon 14 or Radioactive carbon, a product of the uranium atomic pile, is used also as a tracer element in the study of plant and animal metabolism.
The term Activated carbon, active carbon, or active charcoal is usually applied to amorphous carbons possessing higher absorption capacities than wood or animal charcoal. Many processes were developed during world war for the production of effective absorbents for use in gas masks. Industrial activated carbons in the form of pellets, granules or fine powders, and with many industrial applications, are now available in the market under different trade names.
Commercial absorbent carbons may be grouped into decolorizing, gas absorbant, metal absorbant, and medicinal carbons according to their physical structure, properties, and applications. No one type of carbon can be used for all purposes. A large variety of raw materials are available for the manufacture of these products. Coal, petroleum coke, and wood charcoal are activated by gas activation. Industrial waste e.g. raw dust, bagasse, molasses, straw, coconut pericarp and shell, corn cobs, paddy and ground nut husk, corn bean shell, distillery slop, waste Mahua flowers, waste wood pulp laquor, and mud from sugar factories have been utilized for the production of active carbons by chemical activation.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 14.00 MT./day
Land & Building ( 1.5 Acres) Rs. 3.50 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.50 Cr
W.C. for 2 Months Rs. 2.46 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 8.63 Cr
Rate of Return 30%
Break Even Point 54%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
END-USER INDUSTRIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
BUYERS IN OVERSEAS COUNTRIES
PROPERTIES
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
STRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON
ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF ACTIVATED CARBON
MARKET SURVEY
BUYERS ADDRESSES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ACTIVATED CARBON (BY STEAM ACTIVATION)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM RICE HUSK (BY STEAM ACTIVATION)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL (BY STEAM ACTIVATION)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SAW DUST
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SAW DUST
TIME FOR COMPLETION OF PROJECT
PROCESS IN DETAILS
QUALITY CONTROL TESTING OF ACTIVATED CARBON
PLANT LAYOUT
STATE AND CONTROL SUBSIDY SCHEME FOR ACTIVATED CARBON PROJECT
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS FOR ACTIVATED CARBON
ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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