Detailed Project Report (DPR) on dicalcium phosphate from rock phosphate

• Dicalcium phosphate, also known as calcium monohydrogen phosphate, is a dibasic calcium phosphate.
  
• Dicalcium phosphate is usually found as the dihydrate, but it can be thermally converted to the anhydrous form. It is practically insoluble in water, with a solubility of 0.02 g per 100 mL at 25 °C.
  
• Dicalciumphosphate (CaHPO4.2H2O) is a chemical produced through  precipitation from bones or inorganic material.
  
• Dicalcium phosphate shows the most commonly used production method is known as the “wet acid” route in which rock phosphate is reacted with sulphuric acid to produce phosphoric acid. After concentration and purification to reduce the level of undesirable elements, this phosphoric acid is reacted with a calcium source such as quick lime or limestone to produce dicalcium phosphate.
  
•  DCP is made by reacting superphosphate with an alkaline agent. The liming agent is mixed with superphosphate and a chemical reaction occurs to have    DCP.
  
•  Dicalcium phosphate crystals are precipitated and after filtration and  drying the resulting product is a very pure crystalline dihydrate dicalcium phosphate that is sold as Aliphos® Dical.
  
•  Dicalcium phosphate is obtained from degreased bones which are demineralised by hydrochloric acid treatment and precipitated by a saturated lime solution.
  
•  Dicalcium phosphate is mainly used as a dietary supplement in prepared breakfast cereals, dog treats, enriched flour, and noodle products.
  
•  It is also used as a tableting agent in some pharmaceutical preparations and it is used as a feed for poultry.
  
•  Dicalcium phosphate is one of the mineral phosphorous sources that is commonly used in organic diets.
  
•  Dicalcium phosphate was produced in the Serrana plant in Cajati, Brazil by mixing powdered limestone with defluorinated 50-52% phosphoric acid and depositing it on a slow moving covered conveyor belt (den). The production was 165,000 mtpy.
  
•  The share of dicalcium phosphate precipitated from bones and used as animal feed, is estimated in the order of 10-15% of the total amount of 720.000- 750.000 tons in Western Europe.
  

Process & Functions

•     Dicalcium phosphate: The production makes the difference
  
•     The assimilation of phosphorus from dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, bone calcium phosphate and cooked bone meal
  
•     The Availability of the Phosphorus in Dicalcium Phosphate, Bonemeal, Soft Phosphate and Calcium Phytate for Mature Wethers
  
•     Dicalcium phosphate and phosphoric acid as phosphorus sources for beef cattle
  
•     The Digestiblity of Phosphorus in Dicalcium Phosphate in Pigs
  
•     Effect of pulverized limestone and dicalcium phosphate on the nutritive value of dairy cattle feed
  

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