Industry Overview
Electric rickshaws, also known as Tuk Tuks or e-rickshaws, are increasingly being adopted as an alternative to conventional auto rickshaws and manually pulled rickshaws because of their low operating cost and reduced physical effort. They are widely accepted as an alternative to petrol, diesel and CNG-powered three-wheelers. E-rickshaws are compact three-wheeled vehicles powered by rechargeable batteries and an electric motor, typically suited to short-distance transportation of passengers and cargo. Their small size makes them suitable for narrow streets, while low maintenance requirements, low running costs, reduced noise and zero tailpipe pollution contribute to their popularity.
E-rickshaws can provide an economical and low-emission transport option, particularly for low-income communities, when introduced systematically. The vehicles generally use a mild steel tubular chassis, a brushless DC motor and a differential mechanism at the rear wheels. The electrical system used in the Indian version is 48V DC and can run 90-100 km/full charge. Basic seating capacity is driver plus 4 passengers. E-rickshaws also provide an important livelihood opportunity because they require comparatively low investment and physical effort while offering income-generating potential for drivers. Most e-rickshaws are manufactured in China, with production also undertaken in a limited number of other countries.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 30 Nos/Day |
| Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 3.13 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 72.61 Lac |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 18.68 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 22.76 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 73% |
| Break Even Point | 22% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES WITH LESS THAN FOUR WHEELS
- 1. CATEGORY L1:
- 2. CATEGORY L2:
- 3. CATEGORY L3:
- 4. CATEGORY L4:
- 5. CATEGORY L5:
- (A) E-RICKSHAW
- CONSTRUCTION OF E-RICKSHAW
- MAJOR PARTS AND COMPONENTS
- ELECTRIC MOTOR:
- ELECTRONIC MOTOR CONTROLLER:
- BATTERY:
- DIFFERENTIAL:
- THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF A DIFFERENTIAL ARE:
- FRONT SHOCK ABSORBERS:
- REAR SUSPENSION:
- BRAKES:
- SPEEDOMETER/INDICATOR
- STEERING:
- MISCELLANEOUS SPARE PARTS:
- ADVANTAGES OF E-RICKSHAWS
- DISADVANTAGES OF E-RICKSHAWS
- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS E-RICKSHAW
- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF PROPOSED THREE-WHEELER
- SPECIFICATION CONSIDERED FOR THE PROPOSED WORK
- E-LOADER
- E-LOADER SPECIFICATIONS
- RETROFIT OF FUEL THREE WHEELER AUTO RICKSHAW INTO ELECTRIC THREE WHEELER AUTO RICKSHAW
- REASONS FOR CONVERSION
- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF RETROFIT THREE WHEELER ELECTRIC RICKSHAW
- RETROFITTED AUTO
- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
- OVERVIEW OF DESIGN OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
- DESIGN OF CHASSIS
- TABLE -: APPROXIMATE MASSES OF MAIN COMPONENTS
- SELECTION OF BLDC MOTOR
- FIG - BLDC MOTOR
- CALCULATIONS –
- SELECTION OF DIFFERENTIAL AXEL
- FIG - DIFFERENTIAL AXEL
- SELECTION OF BATTERY
- MODELLING OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS 3-WHEELER RICKSHAW
- FIG: - VEHICLE LOAD MODEL
- BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM WITH DUAL ENERGY SOURCES
- MODELING OF LI-ION BATTERY
- FIG:- EQUIVALENT ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT–BASED LI-ION MODEL MODELLING OF UCS
- FIGURE: ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT OF UC
- SPECIFICATION OF LI-ION BATTERY BANK
- SPECIFICATION OF UC BANK
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- PURCHASE OF RAW MATERIAL:
- CUTTING OF RAW MATERIAL:
- CHASSIS SECTION
- SHAPING:
- FLEXING OF COMPONENTS:
- FABRICATION & BODYBUILDING SHOP
- BODING:
- PAINTING:
- HEATING:
- PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION:
- PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR E-RICKSHAW AND E-LOADER
- SUB ASSEMBLIES ARE:-
- FABRICATION PROCESS
- POWDER COATING PROCESS
- ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF E-RICKSHAW AND E-LOADER
- ASSEMBLING & FITTING PROCESS:
- QUALITY CONTROL
- A. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE 4 -SEATER E-RICKSHAW:
- B. FITNESS, COMPLIANCE & TEST CERTIFICATES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR THE E-RICKSHAW:
- C. TYPE OF MOTOR:
- D. MOTOR CONTROLLER AND THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM:
- E. STORAGE BATTERY:
- F. MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION:
- G. OVERALL RICKSHAW DESIGN:
- H. SUPPLIER/MANUFACTURER CONDITIONS:
- I. TESTING
- (B) RETROFIT PROCESS OF THREE WHEELER AUTO RICKSHAW
- HERE ARE THE STEPS:
- OTHER DETAILS:-
- MARKET SURVEY
- MAHINDRA
- THUKRAL ELECTRIC BIKES
- KINETIC GREEN
- BABA E-RICKSHAW
- JEZZA MOTORS
- UDAAN E-RICKSHAW
- BAHUBALI E RICKSHAW
- SKYRIDE E RICKSHAW
- QUEEN E RICKSHAW
- GAYAM MOTOR WORKS
- MARKET DYNAMICS
- TRENDS
- DRIVERS
- RESTRAINTS
- OPPORTUNITIES
- COMPANIES PROFILED
- DRIVER
- RESTRAINT
- INDIA ELECTRIC RICKSHAW MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- LEADING PLAYERS IN THE GLOBAL E-RICKSHAW MARKET ARE:
- SAFETY AND SECURITY
- ELECTRIC RICKSHAW FROM CHINA FOR INDIA AND BANGLADESH
- BATTERY OPERATED E-RICKSHAWS IN THE STATE OF DELHI
- THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECT INTO CONSIDERATION
- BATTERY OPERATED E RICKSHAW IN DELHI
- 46% OF THESE MIGRATED FROM NORTHERN INDIA.
- APPROVAL, VERIFICATION AND AUTHORISATION
- INDIA ELECTRIC RICKSHAW MARKET OVERVIEW
- INDIA ELECTRIC RICKSHAW MARKET, BY MOTOR POWER, '000 UNITS (2013-2023)
- INDIA ELECTRIC RICKSHAW MARKET DYNAMICS
- DRIVER
- RESTRAINT
- INDIA ELECTRIC RICKSHAW MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA
- BUT BEFORE WE BEGIN: NAY-SAYERS
- NAY-SAYERS: POLLUTION
- SO HOW DO WE ENABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE TODAY
- FOR CITY-BUSES
- FOUR-WHEELERS
- PUBLIC CHARGERS
- TO CONCLUDE
- GOVERNMENT OF KERALA POLICY ON ELECTRIC MOBILITY
- INTRODUCTION
- REGISTERED VEHICLE IN THE STATE 2016 ECONOMIC REVIEW
- VISION
- EV POPULATION TARGETS
- INVESTMENT TARGETS
- KEY POLICY DRIVERS
- MANAGING THE ELECTRICITY GRID
- UPGRADING THE BUS TRANSPORT FLEETS
- INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
- TRANSITION STRATEGY
- TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
- CATEGORIES OF VEHICLES
- LIGHT ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- TWO WHEELERS:
- THREE WHEELERS:
- FOUR WHEELERS
- HEAVY ELECTRIC VEHICLES/ELECTRIC BUSES
- ELECTRIC BOATS
- EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE:
- STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
- 1. ADDRESSING THE VIABILITY GAP
- 2. CREATING ADEQUATE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE-INTEROPERABLE
- 3. MANUFACTURING IN THE STATE
- A. DRIVE TECHNOLOGY
- 4. INCENTIVE AND SUBSIDIES FOR LOCALIZATION
- PILOT PROJECTS AND PROMOTION
- 1. CREATION OF E MOBILITY ZONES (PILOT REGIONS)
- THE POTENTIAL AREAS ARE:
- 2. SUPPORT SCHEMES FOR EARLY ADOPTION
- 3. HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING
- 1. CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR ELECTRIC AND AUTMOUS VEHICLES:
- 2. CURRICULUM UPDATES FOR EVS AND AVS
- 3. SKILLING PROGRAMS FOR EV & AV INDUSTRY
- 4. CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TESTING CORRIDOR:
- FUTURE E RICKSHAWS
- STRUCTURE
- ERGONOMICS
- SEATING POSITION AND ENTRY/EXIT
- UTILITIES
- PROVISION FOR LUGGAGE CARRIER
- THE COMPONENTS OF THE E RICKSHAW ARE CRITICAL:
- PLANT LAYOUT
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF E-RICKSHAW AND E-LOADER
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF RETROFIT ELECTRIC AUTO SAURSAURABH ELECTRIC AUTO
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF HOT ROLLED SHEETS
- SUPPLIERS OF M.S CHANNELS AND ANGLES
- SUPPLIERS OF M.S. PLATE
- SUPPLIERS OF M.S. PIPE
- SUPPLIERS OF MIG WELDING WIRE ELECTRODE
- SUPPLIERS OF EPOXY COATING POWDER
- SUPPLIERS OF REAR AXLE
- SUPPLIERS OF DIFFERENTIAL
- SUPPLIERS OF WHEEL
- SUPPLIERS OF LEAD ACID BATTERY
- SUPPLIERS OF LI-ION BATTERY PACK
- SUPPLIERS OF BATTERY CHARGER
- SUPPLIERS OF LIGHT ASSEMBLY
- SUPPLIERS OF BRAKES
- SUPPLIERS OF T-HANDLE SET
- SUPPLIERS OF STEERING SYSTEM
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF POWER PRESS
- SUPPLIERS OF SHEARING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF ROLLING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF BENDING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF PUNCHING PRESS
- SUPPLIERS OF GRINDING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF DRILLING, LATHE, TAPING MACHINES
- SUPPLIERS OF MIG WELDING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF POWDER COATING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
- SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
Appendix
- APPENDIX – A:
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
An electric rickshaw is a compact three-wheeled vehicle powered by rechargeable batteries and an electric motor. It is designed primarily for short-distance transportation of passengers or cargo. The report describes e-rickshaws as an alternative to petrol, diesel and CNG auto rickshaws as well as manually pulled rickshaws. Their compact dimensions make them suitable for narrow streets, while electric propulsion reduces operating noise and eliminates tailpipe emissions during use. Their relatively low maintenance and running costs also make them suitable for commercial and livelihood-oriented transportation applications.
The main components of an e-rickshaw include the electric motor, electronic motor controller, battery, differential, suspension system, brakes, steering system and electrical indicators. The vehicle also incorporates a chassis, body structure, wheels and various miscellaneous spare parts. The report specifically discusses BLDC motors, battery systems, differential axles and the electrical drive system. Proper integration of these components is important for vehicle performance, safety, reliability and efficient power transmission.
Manufacturing electric rickshaws can support demand for economical, low-emission and low-maintenance urban transport. E-rickshaws are relatively simple vehicles suited to short-distance passenger and cargo movement, particularly in areas with narrow roads. Their electric propulsion avoids direct tailpipe emissions and reduces noise compared with conventional engine-powered vehicles. The report also highlights their livelihood potential because driving an e-rickshaw requires less physical effort than operating a manually pulled rickshaw and can require comparatively modest investment.
E-rickshaw manufacturing generally involves raw material procurement, cutting, chassis fabrication, shaping and forming of components, body building, painting or powder coating, assembly and inspection. The report covers dedicated chassis, fabrication and body-building activities, along with powder coating and fitting operations. Electrical, mechanical and body components must be assembled according to the intended vehicle design. Quality control and pre-delivery inspection are also important stages for verifying workmanship, component fitment, functional performance and compliance requirements before the finished vehicle is released.
Conventional three-wheeler auto rickshaws can be considered for conversion to electric propulsion through a structured retrofit process. The report includes a dedicated section on retrofitting fuel-powered three-wheelers into electric three-wheelers. Such conversion requires appropriate selection and integration of the electric motor, controller, battery, mechanical power transmission, electrical system and associated vehicle components. The converted vehicle must also undergo suitable testing and compliance procedures applicable to the intended application and jurisdiction. Engineering assessment is important to ensure that the retrofit maintains safe and reliable vehicle operation.
E-rickshaws use rechargeable battery systems with an electric motor controlled through an electronic motor controller. The report discusses both lead-acid and Li-ion battery systems and includes selection and modelling of a BLDC motor. It also describes a 48V DC electrical system for the Indian version and identifies BLDC motors as being manufactured mostly in India and China. Battery chemistry, capacity, motor rating, controller compatibility, vehicle load and operating conditions must be considered together when designing the electric drive system.
Setting up an e-rickshaw manufacturing plant requires consideration of production capacity, land and building requirements, machinery, working capital, raw materials, manufacturing processes and quality-control arrangements. The plant layout should support an efficient flow of materials through fabrication, body building, coating, assembly and inspection. The report also identifies suppliers for vehicle components, raw materials, plant equipment, material handling systems and safety equipment. In addition, manufacturers need to consider applicable specifications, testing, compliance requirements, battery systems, electrical components and the availability of trained personnel for production and quality assurance.
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