Industry Overview
Electric two-wheelers are vehicles powered exclusively by electricity, using a battery pack to store electrical energy and an electric motor to convert that energy into motion. User controls are generally mounted on the handlebar for speed adjustment and braking. Battery-operated two-wheelers may include electric bicycles and scooters with different motor, battery, controller, braking, frame, suspension, and drive configurations.
The report covers the classification and technical characteristics of electric bicycles, including pedal-assist, throttle-controlled, and speed-pedelec systems, along with major motor types and mounting arrangements. It also discusses BLDC motor controllers, sensors, batteries, battery management systems, safety circuits, frames, brakes, tyres, wheels, and other key components. Electric scooters are examined in terms of battery types, range, charging time, brakes, frames, suspension, drive systems, speed, weight, and applications.
The report further addresses production, assembly, testing, plant layout, suppliers, market developments, battery technology, environmental impacts, market drivers and challenges, and future transport applications. It also includes discussions of electric two-wheeler markets in India, the Asia-Pacific region, and China, together with historical market studies, incentives, technology development, and industry growth factors.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 200 Nos/Day |
| Land & Building | Rented |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 2.30 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 38.99 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 12.41 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 23% |
| Break Even Point | 35% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- ADVANTAGES-
- DISADVANTAGES-
- TYPES OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
- 1. E-BIKES
- THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES, SOME ARE MENTIONED BELOW
- CLASS 1: PEDAL ASSIST / PEDELEC
- CLASS 2: THROTTLE
- CLASS 3: SPEED PEDELEC
- ELECTRIC BICYCLES CLASSIFICATION
- PEDAL-ASSIST
- POWER-ON-DEMAND
- THEREFORE, VERY BROADLY, E-BIKES CAN BE CLASSED AS:
- ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES
- KEY PARTS OF AN ELECTRIC BIKE
- (1) ELECTRIC MOTOR
- TYPES OF MOTOR AND DIFFERENT MOUNTING POSITIONS
- 1. INDUCTION MOTOR:
- 2. DC MOTOR
- PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR:
- PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHED DC MOTOR:
- MOUNTING OF MOTORS
- 1. MID-DRIVE MOTOR:
- FIG 1.1: MID DRIVE MOTOR
- 2. HUB MOTOR:
- I. FRONT HUB MOTOR:
- FIG 1.2: FRONT WHEEL HUB MOTOR
- II. REAR HUB MOTOR:
- FIG 1.3: REAR WHEEL HUB MOTOR
- (2) CONTROLLER OF BLDC MOTOR AND SENSORS
- CONTROLLER
- FIG 2.3: CONTROLLER
- SPEED THROTTLE
- FIG 2.4: SPEED THROTTLE
- (3) ELECTRIC BRAKE
- FIG 3.1: ELECTRIC BRAKE
- (4) BATTERY LEVEL INDICATOR
- FIG 4.1: BATTERY LEVEL INDICATOR
- BATTERY CAPACITY INDICATOR
- (5) FRAME
- FIG 5:1: FRAME DESIGN PARAMETERS
- (6) BATTERY
- BATTERY CELLS FOR E-BICYCLE BATTERY
- 1. CYLINDRICAL CELL
- FIG 6.1: CYLINDRICAL CELL INTERNAL STRUCTURE
- 2. PRISMATIC CELL
- FIG 6.2: PRISMATIC CELL INTERNAL STRUCTURE
- 5.3 MAKING OF BATTERY PACK
- FIG 6.3: LI-ION SINGLE BATTERY
- FIG 6.4: SOLDERED BATTERY PACK
- FIG 6.5: 36 V, 13.2 AH BATTERY PACK
- FIG 6.6: BATTERY DESIGN IN FUSION360 OF 36V AND 13.2AH
- SAFETY CIRCUITS OF BATTERY
- SAFETY CIRCUITS ARE NEED BECAUSE OF FOLLOWING REASONS.
- FIG 6.7: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WORKING OF SAFETY CIRCUIT
- SPECIFICATIONS OF BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM):
- FIG 6.8: BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
- 2. E-SCOOTER
- ADVANTAGES OF AN ELECTRIC SCOOTER
- DISADVANTAGES
- PARTS OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
- BATTERIES
- WE CAN CLASSIFY SCOOTERS ON:
- BATTERY TYPES
- RANGE AND CHARGE TIME
- BRAKES
- FRAMES AND FORKS
- BELT AND CHAIN DRIVE’S
- TYRES
- WHEEL TYPES AND SIZES
- SUSPENSION
- SPEED AND WEIGHT
- USES AND APPLICATION
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- PROCESS FLOW CHART
- PRODUCTION PROCESS
- ASSEMBLING PROCESS
- (1) FRONT WHEEL INSTALLATION:
- (2) HANDLEBARS INSTALLATION:
- (3) MIRRORS INSTALLATION:
- (4) PEDALS INSTALLATION:
- (5) REAR STORAGE TRUNK INSTALLATION:
- (6) THROTTLE & ACCESSORY CONTROL GRIP INSTALLATION:
- (7) SEAT INSTALLATION:
- (8) INSTALLATION OF REAR BRAKE:
- (9) TIRE INSTALLATION:
- WHEEL ADJUSTMENTS/MAINTANENCE:
- (10) DRIVE CHAIN INSTALLATION:
- CHECKING CHAIN TENSION:
- TIGHTEN DRIVE CHAIN:
- LOOSEN DRIVE CHAIN:
- (11) BATTERY INSTALLATION
- (12) INSTALLATION OF ADOPTER
- (13) TESTING OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
- (PRODUCT TESTING) E-BIKE TEST PROCEDURE.
- MARKET OVERVIEW FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES
- DRIVERS
- CHALLENGES
- INDIA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET - COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- INDIA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET
- TWO WHEELERS TO LEAD ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA
- ASIA-PACIFIC ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET
- OVERVIEW
- DRIVERS
- CHALLENGES
- ASIA-PACIFIC ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET - COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- ASIA-PACIFIC ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET SEGMENTATION
- BY VEHICLE TYPE
- BY BATTERY TYPE
- BY TECHNOLOGY
- BY VOLTAGE
- BY GEOGRAPHY
- 2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA & FUTURE OUTLOOK 2022
- WHY ENINCON‘S REPORT UPON ― 2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA & FUTURE OUTLOOK 2022
- BY 2022, SALES OF ELECTRIC 2W & 3W ARE EXPECTED TO REACH 1.6 MILLION IN INDIA
- 2 WHEELER & 3 WHEELER SEGMENT TO DRIVE THE EV SEGMENT IN FUTURE AS 95% OF THE TOTAL SALES COME FROM THESE SEGMENTS
- BUSINESS CASE FOR 2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA
- REPORT INSIGHTS
- KEY HIGHLIGHTS
- PRESS EXCERPTS
- MUST BUY FOR
- HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA CURRENT SCENARIO AND MARKET INCENTIVES
- STUDY OBJECTIVES
- MARKET INCENTIVES IN PLACE
- APPROACH & KEY ASSUMPTIONS
- UTILIZATION OF DEMAND INCENTIVES UNDER FAME SCHEME FOR FY 2015-16
- TWO-WHEELERS
- INCENTIVE ANALYSIS
- CENTRAL EXCISE DUTY
- CENTRAL INFRASTRUCTURE CESS
- ADDITIONAL STATE SUBSIDIES
- TCO – TWO-WHEELERS
- LOW-SPEED ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
- HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
- TWO-WHEELERS
- OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FOR THE ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS IN CHINA
- FIGURE 1 - THE E2W PRODUCTION NUMBER IN CHINA
- METHODOLOGY
- SWOT-FFA ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
- TIS ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
- FIGURE 2 - THE ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR TIS (BERGEK ET AL., 2008)
- THE DRIVING FORCES FOR THE CHANGE TOWARDS E2WS: SWOT-FFA
- FIGURE 3 - RESULT OF SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE E2W DEVELOPMENT
- RELATIVELY LOW COST AND COMPARABLE PERFORMANCE
- EASY ADOPTION AND UTILIZATION
- POLICY AND STANDARDS (MOTORCYCLE BAN, AIR POLLUTION AND EMISSION CONCERNS)
- EXTERNAL FACTORS
- THE RESISTING FORCES (SYSTEM WEAKNESS) OF THE E2W DEVELOPMENT: TIS ANALYSIS
- ACTORS, NETWORK, INSTITUTIONS
- SYSTEM WEAKNESS: REMARKS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE SEVEN FUNCTIONS
- FIGURE 4 - THE INDUCEMENT AND BLOCKING MECHANISMS OF E2WS CONCLUDED FROM THE TIS
- FUTURE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS
- OVERVIEW OF THE E-BIKES & ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS
- ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC BIKE LIFE CYCLE
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES
- INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC BIKES ON MOTORIZATION TRENDS
- ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER BATTERY TECHNOLOGY STATUS
- ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC BIKE LIFE CYCLE
- PRODUCTION PROCESSES
- TABLE 1.1: MATERIAL INVENTORY, EMISSIONS, AND ENERGY USE OF ELECTRIC BIKE
- END-OF-LIFE
- LEAD ACID BATTERIES
- FIGURE 1.1: LEAD LOSS FLOWS FROM LEAD ACID BATTERY PRODUCTION
- TABLE 1.2: LEAD LOSSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT
- USE PHASE
- FIGURE 1.2: EMISSION RATES FROM PRC POWER PLANTS
- TABLE 1.3: REGIONAL EMISSION RATES OF TYPICAL SCOOTER STYLE ELECTRIC BIKES (UNITS AT G/100 KM EXCEPT CO2)
- TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ELECTRIC BIKE LIFE CYCLE
- FIGURE 1.3: POLLUTION OF BICYCLE STYLE E-BIKE OVER LIFE CYCLE
- FIGURE 1.4: POLLUTION OF SCOOTER STYLE E-BIKE OVER LIFE CYCLE
- MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC BIKE OWNERSHIP GROWTH SCENARIOS THROUGH TO 2025
- METHODOLOGY
- FIGURE 3.5: REGIONAL RURAL MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC BIKE OWNERSHIP VERSUS INCOME, 2005
- FIGURE 3.6: 2005 MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS BY REGION
- FIGURE 3.7: PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION SHARE IN DIFFERENT INCOME BRACKETS VERSUS TIME
- TABLE 3.2: POLICY FACTORS OVER TIME IN THREE SCENARIOS
- FIGURE 3.8: PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH BY REGION FOR URBAN AND RURAL PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
- FIGURE 3.9: ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER AND MOTORCYCLE STOCK OVER TIME IN THREE SCENARIOS
- FACTORS INFLUENCING FUTURE GROWTH IN ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER MARKET
- METHODOLOGY
- FIGURE 3.10: ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER AND MOTORCYCLE GROWTH IN “BUSINESS AS USUAL”
- DRIVING FORCES
- FORCE 1: TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS
- FIGURE 3.11: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE COMPARISON, CLOSED-INTEGRAL VERSUS OPEN-MODULAR
- FIGURE 3.12: ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
- FORCE 2: LOCAL MOTORCYCLE BANS
- FORCE 3: LOCAL POLICY SUPPORT FOR ELECTRIC BIKES
- TABLE 3.4: MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC-BIKE BANS IN LARGE CITIES
- FIGURE: FORCES DRIVING ELECTRIC BIKE MARKET GROWTH
- FIGURE: FORCES RESISTING ELECTRIC BIKE MARKET GROWTH
- TABLE: RANKINGS OF FORCES DRIVING AND RESISTING ELECTRIC BIKE GROWTH
- PERFORMANCE TEST OF ELECTRIC BIKES
- TABLE 4.6: ELECTRIC BIKE AND BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS
- PLANT LAYOUT
- MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF BLDC MOTOR
- SUPPLIERS OF MOTOR CONTROLLER
- SUPPLIERS OF LITHIUM- ION BATTERY
- SUPPLIERS OF TYRE
- SUPPLIERS OF WHEEL
- SUPPLIERS OF SPARES
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
An electric two-wheeler is a road vehicle powered by an electric motor using electrical energy stored in a battery. Electric bicycles and scooters are common examples covered by this category. The main systems generally include the motor, battery, controller, brakes, frame, wheels, tyres, suspension, and user controls. Depending on the vehicle design, propulsion may be provided through a hub motor or a mid-drive arrangement, while the battery system may incorporate a battery management system and safety circuits.
The main electric bicycle classifications described in the report are pedal-assist or pedelec, throttle-controlled, and speed-pedelec systems. Pedal-assist bicycles use an electric motor to supplement rider pedaling, while throttle-controlled designs can provide motor power through a dedicated control. Speed-pedelecs are designed for higher assisted speeds within the applicable classification framework. Electric bicycles can also be differentiated by motor type, motor mounting position, battery configuration, controller, frame design, braking system, and other components.
The important components include the electric motor, motor controller, battery, battery management system, frame, brakes, throttle or user controls, wheels, tyres, suspension, and associated electrical and mechanical systems. The battery stores energy, the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, and the controller regulates motor operation. Safety circuits and battery management systems help monitor battery operation. Depending on the design, electric two-wheelers may use hub or mid-drive motors and belt or chain drive systems.
Electric two-wheeler assembly involves integrating mechanical, electrical, and control components into the vehicle structure. The report describes installation activities including the front wheel, handlebars, mirrors, pedals, rear storage trunk, throttle and accessory control grip, seat, rear brake, tyres, drive chain, battery, and adapter. Wheel adjustments and chain tension checks are also included. After assembly, the finished vehicle is subjected to testing procedures to verify its operation and relevant performance characteristics before completion of the production process.
Electric two-wheelers can use different battery chemistries and cell formats depending on vehicle design and performance requirements. The report discusses battery cells for e-bicycles, including cylindrical and prismatic cells, along with lithium-ion battery packs and battery management systems. Battery pack design involves connecting cells into a suitable electrical configuration and incorporating safety provisions. Battery selection affects factors such as energy storage, vehicle range, weight, charging requirements, service life, safety, and overall system design.
The electric two-wheeler market is influenced by technology development, vehicle performance, battery characteristics, purchase and operating costs, charging requirements, infrastructure, consumer adoption, policies, standards, and environmental considerations. The report also identifies factors such as local motorcycle restrictions, policy support, technology improvements, and market conditions. Competitive dynamics, availability of components, manufacturing capabilities, and developments in battery technology can further affect the adoption and production of electric bicycles, scooters, and other electric two-wheelers.
An electric two-wheeler project report can cover product classification, components, battery technology, production and assembly processes, testing, plant layout, market analysis, environmental considerations, and supplier categories. It can also address project economics, raw materials, utilities, manpower, fixed capital, working capital, production costs, financial analysis, and other feasibility considerations. This report additionally includes technical discussions of electric bicycles and scooters, market studies covering India, Asia-Pacific and China, and an appendix containing detailed project-economic headings.
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