POLY ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
[EIRI/EDPR/1018] (J.C.: 245US$,9657)
INTRODUCTION
Aluminium chloride hydroxide [1327-41-9], [10284-64-7], Alcl (OH)2 [14215-15-7], AlCl2(OH), produts, commonly known as polyaluminium chlorides (PAC) are used for a wide variety of industrial applications.
Other names for PAC are basic aluminium chloride, polybasic aluminium chloride, aluminium hydroxychloride, aluminium oxychloride and aluminium chlorohydrate. The presence of polymeric, aluminium-containing cations, the distribution of which can differ greatly, typifies PAC products.
Although the formation of polynuclear aluminium species in solution has been studied for over a century, there is still much controversy concerning aluminium polymerization reactions and the resulting product compositions.
Polyaluminium chloride is a partially hydrolyzed aluminium chloride solution, which may incorporate a small amount of sulphate, has been introduced in Japan, England and Australia as an alternative to alum.
Known as poly (aluminium chloride) or poly (aluminium hydroxy chloride is a member of the family of basic aluminium chlorides.
These are partially neutralized hydrates having the formula.
Al2Cl6-x(OH)x.6H2O Where x = 1.5
Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is also called Aluminium chloride Hydroxide [1327-11-9]. Poly (aluminum chloride), PAC, has also an approximate empirical formula.
Al (OH)1.5 (SO4)0.125 Cl1.25 and is available as a solution with an aluminium content of 10 wt% expressed as Al2O3. It is an all-effective coagulant. It is reputed to provide faster flocculation and stronger flocs than alum in some applications.
Polyaluminum chloride is one of the significant inorganic flocculants. The most important inorganic flocculants are currently the trivalent salts of aluminum and iron as well as activated silica. Flocculants are used to optimize the separation of the solid phase from the liquid phase in aqueous suspension. These suspensions usually consist of organic or inorganic particles, which are of finely divided to colloidal consistency and are distributed in water as a dispersing medium. With smaller particles, the suspension is more stable i.e. the lower is the tendency for the particles to agglomerate and sediment.
However, addition of a flocculant drastically increases the rate of particle sedimentation so that a clear, supernatant liquid is obtained. The settled sludge can then be filtered rapidly or centrifuged, resulting in a more efficient separation.
Polyaluminium chloride, or PAC is made by partial hydrolysis of aluminum chloride to form a mixture of polymeric species. It is more expensive than alum on a weight basis, but has advantage over alum such as not lowering the pH as much and better cost-effectiveness in some applicaitons. Residual aluminum in the water is said ti be lower and performance in cold water is better. It is sold as a solution.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 1.50 MT/Day
Land and Building (1000 sq.mt.) US$ 1.78 Lac
Plant & Machinery US$ 1.39 Lac
W.C. for 2 Months US$ 1.12 Lac
Total Capital Investment US$ 4.56 Lac
Rate of Return 25%
Break Even Point 61%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
TECHNICAL INFORMATIONS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
MARKET SURVEY
MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS/SUPPLIERS OF POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE (PAC) (FROM ALUMINUM CHLORIDE)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POLY (ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) FROM ALUMINUM CHLORIDE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POLY (ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) (PAC) FROM ALUMINUM SULPHATE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE FROM ALUMINUM SULPHATE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POLY (ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE) (FROM ALUMINIUM OXIDE)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POLY ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE FROM ALUMINIUM OXIDE
MANUFACTURE OF POLY ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE (PAC) BY ELECTROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF POLY ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE BY ELECTROLYSIS OF ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
OTHER PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYALUMINIUM SALTS
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYALUMINUM COMPOUNDS
PLANT LAYOUT
RAW MATERIALS CALCULATIONS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
ASSAY BY VOLHARD TITRATION
DETERMINATION OF PROPERTIES AND IMPURITIES
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS
RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS, UTILITY AND AVAILABILITY
INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURERS OF POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSITION FOR A NEW INDUSTRY AND
LIST OF BUYERS OF PAC
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS FOR PAC
ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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