Industry Overview
Artificial leather, also known as PVC leather cloth or faux leather, is a synthetic substitute for natural leather produced by coating a woven fabric, commonly cotton, with PVC, polyurethane, rubber compounds, cellulose derivatives, or other synthetic resins. PVC-coated materials are widely used for shoe uppers, upholstery, clothing, bags, briefcases, attaché cases, packaging, and decorative applications because they offer water resistance, durability, chemical resistance, and competitive pricing.
Historically, leather-like coated fabrics included American cloth using linseed oil and later nitrocellulose coatings. These materials have largely been superseded for footwear uppers by plastic coatings, particularly plasticized PVC. Modern continuous production systems and embossing equipment enable manufacturers to produce uniform artificial leather with smooth, glossy, matt, or engraved finishes in a range of colours and designs.
PVC leather cloth is manufactured by applying PVC paste to cotton fabric, followed by suitable coating and finishing operations. The material provides an effective waterproof and airtight medium and can be produced in flexible or rigid grades for different applications. The report indicates that manufacturing machinery is available from both international and Indian manufacturers, making small-scale production feasible. With limited domestic production and increasing demand for substitutes for natural leather, the sector presents opportunities for new manufacturing enterprises.
Cost Estimation
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Plant Capacity | 50,000 sq.mt./Day |
| Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.) | Rs. 2.42 Cr |
| Plant & Machinery | Rs. 14.37 Cr |
| Working Capital for 2 Months | Rs. 20.82 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 38.92 Cr |
| Rate of Return | 43% |
| Break Even Point | 38% |
Content Index
- INTRODUCTION
- FAUX LEATHER
- TYPES OF FAUX LEATHER
- PLEATHER
- FIGURE 2: PLEATHER: PVC BASED (ON LEFT), PU BASED (ON THE RIGHT)
- NAUGAHYDE
- FIGURE 3: NAUGAHYDE
- VEGAN LEATHER
- FIGURE 4: VEGAN LEATHER
- ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF FAUX LEATHER TO REAL LEATHER
- ADVANTAGES OF FAUX LEATHER TO REAL LEATHER
- DISADVANTAGES OF FAUX LEATHER COMPARED TO REAL LEATHER
- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (P V C)
- CHARACTERISTICS:
- AVAILABLE FORMS
- WEARING PROPERTIES
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- DETAILS OF RAW MATERIALS
- 1. PLASTICISER
- 2. FILLERS
- 3. STABILIZER
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER (GLOBAL)
- INDIAN MARKET POSITION
- THE BUSINESS
- LEATHER VS ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
- PRODUCTION PROCESS
- CHALLENGES
- REQUIREMENT OF FAUX LEATHER
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS/SUPPLIERS
- MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
- FORMULA WHICH IS USED FOR MIDDLE COAT
- PRODUCTION PROCESS OF FAUX LEATHER
- DIRECT COATING PROCESS
- TRANSFER COATING PROCESS
- WET PROCESSOR COAGULATION
- FORMULATION AND PROCESS OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
- OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE
- LINING:
- BED MATERIAL:
- THE PRESCRIPTION OF BED MATERIAL FOLLOWING (WEIGHT RATIO):
- THE PRESCRIPTION OF LINING FOLLOWING (WEIGHT RATIO):
- SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH ARTIFICIAL LEATHER MANUFACTURE METHOD
- POLYURETHANE COATED FABRIC MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- THE TRANSFER COATING SYSTEM
- (PVC LEATHER CLOTH-PLANT)
- SPECIFICATION OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- OTHER COMMERCIAL METHODS
- ARTIFICIAL LEATHER WITH CLOTH BASE AND FOAMED PVC FILLER
- A FORMULATION OF THE IMPREGNATING PLASTIC PASTE, FOAMABLE OR NON-FOAMABLE, IS AS FOLLOWS:
- (A) PREPARATION OF NON-WOVEN MAT:
- (B) MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER:
- PRODUCT I
- PRODUCT II
- PRODUCT III
- EXAMPLES
- EMBODIMENT I
- EMBODIMENT II
- EMBODIMENT III
- ARTIFICIAL LEATHER
- LAMINATED ARTIFICAL LEATHER
- (I) FOR PVC AS THE FACE LAYER:
- (II) WHEN PU IS USED AS FACE LAYER:
- INGREDIENT PART BY WEIGHT
- EXAMPLE 1
- EXAMPLE 2
- EXAMPLE 3
- METHOD FOR FORMING LAMINATED SYNTHETIC LEATHER
- FEW IMPORTANT DETAILS DURING PROCESSING
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL
- PVC RESIN
- TITANIUM DIOXIDE
- LEAD STEARATE
- DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
- COLOR PIGMENT
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR REXINE (PVC LEATHER CLOTH)
- BALL MILLS
- COOLING TOWERS & HEAT EXCHANGERS
Appendix
- 01. PLANT ECONOMICS
- 02. LAND & BUILDING
- 03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
- 04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
- 05. FIXED CAPITAL
- 06. RAW MATERIAL
- 07. SALARY AND WAGES
- 08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
- 09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
- 10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
- 11. COST OF PRODUCTION
- 12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
- 13. BREAK EVEN POINT
- 14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
- 15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
- 16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
- 17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
- 18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
Frequently Asked Questions
PVC leather cloth is a synthetic leather material manufactured by coating fabric with PVC paste. The fabric base provides strength and dimensional support, while the PVC coating provides a smooth, durable and water-resistant surface. Depending on the formulation and processing method, the finished material can have flexible or rigid characteristics and may be produced with smooth, glossy, matt or embossed surfaces. It is used in footwear, upholstery, bags, packaging and other applications where a leather-like, waterproof and economical material is required.
Artificial leather is manufactured by applying a polymer-based coating to a suitable textile or other backing material and then carrying out controlled finishing operations. For PVC leather cloth, PVC paste is applied to cotton fabric and processed to achieve the required thickness, surface appearance and physical properties. Depending on the product, direct coating, transfer coating, wet coagulation, polyurethane coating, lamination and embossing techniques may be used. The report describes several manufacturing routes and formulations for producing different types and finishes of synthetic leather.
The principal raw materials for PVC leather cloth include a fabric substrate, PVC resin and formulation additives. The report specifically identifies plasticisers, fillers and stabilisers as important components of PVC formulations, along with materials such as titanium dioxide, lead stearate, dioctyl phthalate and colour pigments. The exact formulation depends on the desired flexibility, appearance, strength, surface finish and end use. Proper selection and controlled mixing of these materials are essential for obtaining consistent coating performance and finished-product quality.
Artificial leather is used across footwear, upholstery, clothing, luggage and general consumer-product applications. PVC leather cloth can be used for shoe uppers, boots, sales and heels, bags, briefcases, attaché cases, upholstery, waterproof packing and decorative products. Its resistance to water and chemicals and its ability to receive different colours, surface finishes and embossed patterns make it suitable for products where appearance, durability and economical production are important.
PVC and PU artificial leather use different polymer coating systems and can provide different combinations of flexibility, surface feel, durability and processing characteristics. PVC leather cloth is produced using polyvinyl chloride and is widely used because of its versatility, water resistance and suitability for various grades and finishes. PU-based synthetic leather uses polyurethane as the principal coating material and can be formulated for particular appearance and performance requirements. The report covers both PVC- and PU-based artificial leather technologies, including coating and laminated constructions.
Artificial leather is considered an alternative to natural leather because it can provide leather-like appearance and useful performance characteristics at competitive cost. PVC leather cloth can be manufactured in controlled colours, textures, surface finishes and embossed designs, while offering water repellency and chemical resistance. It can also be produced using continuous industrial processes that support uniform quality and reduced labour requirements. The report notes that shortages and the high cost of natural leather have contributed to the increasing popularity of synthetic alternatives.
Yes, PVC leather cloth can be manufactured using continuous industrial production systems designed for consistent coating and finishing. The report describes automatic machinery, continuous one-line systems and embossing equipment capable of producing different surface designs and colours. Industrial production requires appropriate coating, mixing, heating, cooling, finishing and quality-control arrangements, together with reliable supplies of fabric, PVC resin and additives. The report also indicates opportunities for the industry based on the limited extent of domestic manufacture and the broad range of potential applications.
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