ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE FROM ZIRCONIUM OXIDE ORE RESIDUE (CAP: 17 MT/DAY)
[EIRI/EDPR/4507] J.C.: 2723XL
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium. Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite. A dopant stabilized cubic structured zirconia, cubic zirconia, is synthesized in various colours for use as a gemstone and a diamond simulant.
Zirconia is chemically unreactive. It is slowly attacked by concentrated hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. When heated with carbon, it converts to zirconium carbide. When heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine, it converts to zirconium (IV) chloride. This conversion is the basis for the purification of zirconium metal and is analogous to the Kroll process.
Zirconium dioxide is one of the most studied ceramic materials. ZrO2 adopts a monoclinic crystal structure at room temperature and transitions to tetragonal and cubic at higher temperatures. The change of volume caused by the structure transitions from tetragonal to monoclinic to cubic induces large stresses, causing it to crack upon cooling from high temperatures. When the zirconia is blended with some other oxides, the tetragonal and/or cubic phases are stabilized. Effective dopants include magnesium oxide (MgO), yttrium oxide (Y2O3, yttria), calcium oxide (CaO), and cerium (III) oxide (Ce2O3).
Zirconia is often more useful in its phase 'stabilized' state. Upon heating, zirconia undergoes disruptive phase changes. By adding small percentages of yttria, these phase changes are eliminated, and the resulting material has superior thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties.
In some cases, the tetragonal phase can be metastable. If sufficient quantities of the metastable tetragonal phase is present, then an applied stress, magnified by the stress concentration at a crack tip, can cause the tetragonal phase to convert to monoclinic, with the associated volume expansion. This phase transformation can then put the crack into compression, retarding its growth, and enhancing the fracture toughness. This mechanism, known as transformation toughening, significantly extends the reliability and lifetime of products made with stabilized zirconia.
The ZrO2 band gap is dependent on the phase (cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or amorphous) and preparation methods, with typical estimates from 5–7 eV.
A special case of zirconia is that of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, or TZP, which is indicative of polycrystalline zirconia composed of only the metastable tetragonal phase.
Zirconium Basic Carbonate
CAS Number: 57219-64-4
Chemical Formula: Zr(CO3)2.H2O
Applications: Zirconium basic carbonate is supplied in a high purity grade for use in catalysis and also a reactive grade for use in the production of paint driers.
Zirconium basic carbonate is perhaps the most important zirconium chemical as it is often the pre-cursor material for many zirconium products.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 17 MT/Day
Land & Building (6000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.29 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 3.70 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 11.64 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 17.95 Cr
Rate of Return 43%
Break Even Point 38%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ZIRCONIUM BASIC CARBONATE
PROPERTIES OF ZIRCONIUM BASIC CARBONATE
ZIRCONIUM BASIC CARBONATE
ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE TYPICAL PROPERTIES
ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE PACKAGING AND SHIPPING
ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE STORAGE
USES OF ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE
RAW MATERIALS
ZIRCONIUM OXIDE
ZIRCONIUM OXIDE PROPERTIES (THEORETICAL)
ZIRCONIUM OXIDE HEALTH & SAFETY INFORMATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ZIRCONIUM
MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE ZIRCONIUM MARKET ARE:
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE
METHOD OF PREPARING HIGH PURITY BASIC ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE
THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATION SHOWS THE PRESENT PROCESS:
ILLUSTRATION 1
ILLUSTRATION 2
ILLUSTRATION 3
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS THAT MAY INITIATE OR CONTRIBUTE TO FIRE
INTENSITY
NON-FLAMMABLES THAT COULD CONTRIBUTE UNUSUAL HAZARDS TO A FIRE
ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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