hand book of electroplating, anodizing and surface finishing technology

HAND BOOK OF ELECTROPLATING ANODIZING & SURFACE FINISHING TECHNOLOGY

Principles of Electroplating

The book covers  Principles of Electroplating,  Technology of Cleaning, Pickling & Dipping, Electrolytic & Chemical Processes for the Polishing of Metals,  Nickel Plating,  Chromium Plating, Hard Chromium Plating , Copper Plating, Electroforming,  Brass Plating,  Silver Plating,  Gold Plating (Gilding), Cadmium Plating,  Zinc Plating,  Tin & Tin Alloy Plating,  Plating for Electronics , The Plating of Plastics & Other Non Metallic Materials,  Anodic Oxidation of Aluminium, Phosphating Processes,  Manufacturers & Suppliers of Machinery & Equipments, Suppliers of Electroplating  Chemicals & Materials.

• The Electro Chemical Series
• Electrodeposition
• Electrochemical Terms
• Using a Copper Anode
• Using an Inert Anode
• Ionic Dissociation
• Butters
• pH of a Solution
• Complex or Double Salts
• Rate of Deposition
• Faraday's Laws
• Relation Between the Faraday & Mass of Metal Deposited
• Current Efficienty
• Anode Efficiency
• Current Density
• Calculation of Plating Times
• Average & Minimum Thickness Values
• Specification requirements
• Polarisation
• Cell Voltage
• Anodes
• Insoluble Anodes
• Auxiliary & Internal Anodes
• Bi-Polar Electrodes
• Process Chart

Technology of Cleaning Pickling & Dipping

• Preliminary Cleaning & Degreasing Solvent Cleaning
• Common Solvents used in Metal Cleaning with Comparisons
• Aqueous Neutral Detergent Pre-Cleaners
• Mersol Soak Cleaner
• Solution Composition
• Solution Preparation
• Operating Conditions
• Operating Procedure
• Ultrasonic Cleaning
• Alkaline Cleaners
• Hot Alkaline  Cleaners
• Classification of Metal Cleaners
• Electrolytic Cleaning
• Equipment for Hot Alkaline Cleaners
• Oil Separation Units
• Barrel Cleaning
• Activax Cleaners
• Equipment
• Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
• Solution Preparation
• Cleaning of Zinc Alloy Die Castings
• Barrel Cleaning
• Solution Maintenance
• Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
• Solution Preparation
• Cleaning of Zinc Base Alloy Die Castings
• Cleaner 45
• Equipment
• solution preparation
• Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
• Solution Maintenance
• Multiklense
• Anozyn
• 10-55 Cleaner
• Operating Conditions
• Emphax
• Equipment
• Operating Conditions
• Zonax Metal Cleaner
• Anodax Metal Cleaner
• Kelco Cleaner
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions & Procedure
• Maintenance of Metal Cleaners
• Additions of Metal Cleaner
• Pickling & Dipping
• Choice of Pickling or Dipping Solution
• Zonax Dry Acid Salt
• Equipment
• Solution Concentration & Operating Conditions
• Sulphuric Acid Pickling
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Solution Maintenance
• Hydrochloric Acid Pickling
• Solution Composition
• Operating Procedure
• Skalene Pickle for Iron & Steel
• Alkaline Deruster Salts
• Addition Uses of Alkaline Deruster Salts
• Equipment
• Cyanide Free Solution for Rust Removal
• Solution Composition
• Treatment of High Tensile Steels
• Spray Suppression
• Effluent Treatment
• Hydrofluoric Acid Pickling
• Pickling of Magnesium Alloys
• Pickling of Stainless Steel
• Pickle Aid
• Bright Dipping of Copper Alloys
• Aqua Fortis Bright Dipping Acid
• Bright Dipping Procedure
• Chromic Acid Dip for Brass Copper & Its Alloys
• Nitric Pree Bright Dip C22924 for Copper & Its Alloys
• Barrel Pickling
• Cyanide Containing Cleaners
• Anodic Sulphuric Acid Etching or Iron & Steel
• Acid Etching of Steel & Iron Before Heavy Deposition
• Plating on Aluminium & Its Alloys
• Standard Process Sequence for Electroplating on Aluminium & Its Alloys
• Modification to the Standard Process
• Dips & Rinses
• Rinsing or Swilling
• Scouring

Electrolytic & Chemical Processes for the Polishing of Metals

• Electropolishing Solutions
• Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys
• Aluminium Electropolishing Solution
• Electropolishing of Mechanically polished Aluminium Process
• Stainless Steel
• Process Sequence
• Copper, brass & Nickel Silver
• Process Sequence
• Chemical Pokishing of Aluminium
• Typical Operating Conditions
• Procedure

Nickel Plating

• Properties of Nickel
• Decorative Finishes
• Preparation of Nickel Plating Solutions
• Purified Nickel Base Solution & Brighteners
• Preparation of Nickel Solutions from Nickel Salts
• Preparation of Nickel Solution from Individual  Chemical & Brighteners
• Purification of a New Solution
• Acidity pH Control
• Correction of Possible Operating Faults in Surfol Nickel Solution
• Black Nickel
• Nigrax Black Nickel Plating Solution
• Solution Composition
• Operating Procedure
• Preparation of Lettered Name Plates
• Dull  Nickel Plating solutions
• Preparation of Dull Nickel Plating Solution
• Albo Nickel Solution
• Nickel Plating Procedure
• Immersion Processes for Zinc Base Die Castings

Chromium Plating

• Preparation of Chromium Plating Solution
• Decorative Chromium Plating Solutions
• Typical Operating Conditions for Chromium Plating Solutions
• Zonax Bright Chrome Solution
• Analytical Standards
• Chromium Plating Procedure
• Plating Procedure
• Processes After Plating

Hard Chromium Plating

• Typical Operating Conditions for Hard Chromium Plating Solutions
• Hard Chrome Solution
• Plating Procedure
• Treatment Prior to Hard Chromium Plating
• Plating Conditions
• Treatment After Deposition
• Heat Treatment of Steels After Plating
• Finishing Hard Chromium Deposits
• Grinding of Hard Chromium Deposits

Copper Plating

• Properties of Copper
• Decorative Applications
• Functional Applications
• Copper Plating Solutions
• Copper Solutions
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Cyanide Copper Solutions
• Special Techniques Used in Printing Applications
• Building up Copper
• Cylinders
• Skin Deposits
• Cast Iron & Steel Cylinders
• Aluminium Cylinders

Electroforming

• Applications of Electroforming
• Materials for Electroforming
• Nickel Solutions
• Nickel/Cobalt Alloy solutions
• Copper Plating Solutions
• Sodium High Sulphate Nickel Solution
• Operating Techniques
• Mandrels for Electroforms
• Permanent Mandrels
• Electroformed Nickel
• Expendable Mandrels

Prass Plating

• Decorative Brass Plating
• Zonax Brass Solution for Decorative & General Plating
• Plating Procedure
• Barrel Brass Plating

Silver Plating

• Properties of Silver
• Applications
• Plating Solutions
• Rates of Deposition & Specification Requirements
• Thickness of Deposit
• solution Composition
• Solution Preparation
• Operating Conditions
• Barrel Silver Plating & Zonax Silver Solution
• Analytical Standards
• Preparation of Articles for Silver Plating
• Silver Strikes
• Alternative Procedure Using Nickel Undercoat
• Silvering By Immersion

Gold Plating (Gilding)

• Properties of Gold
• Application of Gold Plating
• Rates of Deposition & Specification Requirements
• Rates of Deposition of Gold Solution in Minutes
• Gold Deposits & Solutions
• Ultra Pure Gold Deposits
• General Gold Plating Procedure
• Traditional Gold Plating Practice (Gilding)
• Stripping Gold Deposits
• Electrolytic Process for Stripping Flux & Oxide from Gold

Cadmium Plating

• Properties of Cadmium
• Applications & Corrosion Resistance
• Cadmium Deposits on Non Ferrous Metals
• Cadmium Plating Solutions
• Cadmium Plating Salts
• Zonax Cadmium Plating Solution
• Operating Conditions
• Cadmium Solution for Barrel Plating
• Analytical Standards
• Kadamax High Speed Bright Cadmium Plating Solution
• Equipment
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Cadmium Plating Procedure
• Treatment After Cadmium Plating
• Chromic Acid Dip
• Stripping Cadmium Deposits
• Correction of Paults in Cadmium Plating

Zinc Plating

• Properties of Zinc
• Applications & Corrosion Resistance
• Specification Requirements & Rates of Deposition
• Thickness Requirements for Zinc Deposits
• Determination of Thickness of Zinc Deposit
• Rate of Deposition
• Zinc Plating Equipment
• Zinc Plating Solutions
• Cyanide Zinc Plating Solutions
• Cyanide Zinc Plating Procedure
• Cleaning & Preparation of Work
• Treatment After Zinc Plating
• Bright Zinc Plating
• Dilute Nitric Acid Bright Dip

Tin & Tin Alloy Plating

• Properties of Tin
• Applications
• Thin Plating Solutions
• Rates of Deposition & Specification Requirements
• Rates of Deposition
• Deposit Specifications
• Alkaline Stannate Tin Plating Processes
• Zonax Stannic Plating Solution
• Tin Alloy Plating
• Tin Lead Alloy Plating
• Equipment
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Rate of Deposition
• Solution Maintenance
• Special Techniques used in Printing Applications
• Tin Zinc Alloy Plating
• Equipment
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Rate of Deposition
• Solution Maintenance
• Special Techniques used in Printing Applications
• Tin zinc Alloy Plating
• Equipment
• Solution composition & Preparation
• Operating Conditions
• Solution Maintenance
• Chemical Passivation of Tin Zinc Deposit
• Tin Nickel Alloy Plating
• Tin Copper Alloy Plating
• Bronze Plating Solution
• Equipment
• Solution composition
• Operating Conditions
• Rate of Deposition
• Solution Maintenance
• Analytical Standards

Plating for Electronics

• Printed Circuits
• Print & Etch Circuits
• Specialist Processes for Printed Circuit Production
• Etching
• Finishing
• Plated Through Hole Circuits
• Additive Circuity
• Gold Plating of Edge Connectors
• 65 Copper Etchant for Printed Circuit
• Equipment
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Solution Maintenance
• Analysis of 65 Copper Etchant
• Copper Recovery
• P.D. Activator for Printed Circuits
• Solution Composition
• Cuprasol PTH Copper Plating Process
• PTH Tin/Lead Plating Solution
• Dekote Pb/Sn 1

The Plating of Plastics & Other Non Metallic Materials

• Plating on Plastics
• Applications & Advantages
• Properties of Plated Plastics
• Moulding for Plating on Plastics
• Simplas Process
• Process Sequence
• Equipment
• Swilling or Rinsing
• Cleaning
• Pre Etch
• Hot Alkaline Cleaner
• Etching
• Etch Composition for ABS Type Polymers
• Etch Composition:for PP Polymers
• Solution Preparation
• Analytical Standards
• Neutralising
• solution Composition
• Acceleration
• Niplas Electroless Nickel
• Equipment
• Solution Composition
• Operating Conditions
• Electroplating on Electroless Nickel Plated Surfaces
• Barrel Plating on Plastics
• Corrections of Faults in the Simplas Process
• Silvering
• Spray Silvering
• solution Composition
• Operating Procedure
• Sensitiser
• Immersion Silvering
• Electroplating on Silvered Surfaces
• Special Techniques Used in Printing Applications
• Metallising with Copper Bronze Powder
• Preparation
• Metallising
• Electroplating
• Polishing with Powered Graphite
• Vacuum Evaporation & Electrical Sputtering

Anodic Oxidation of Aluminium

• Surface Treatment of Magnesium
• Anodizing Characteristics of  Aluminium
• Alloy Types
• Applications of Anodising
• Architectural Anodizing
• Hard Anodising
• Specification Requirements
• Anodic Oxidation Processes
• Properties of Anodic Films
• Anodising Equipment
• Electrical Equipment
• Spray Suppression
• Sulphuric Acid Anodising Solutions
• Solution Composition
• Solution Preparation
• Operating Conditions
• Analytical Standards
• Sulphuric Acid/Oxalic Acid Anodising Solution
• Chromic Acid Process
• 10% Chromic Acid Process
• Anodising Procedure
• Pretreatment Processes
• Typical Anodising Sequences
• Architectural Anodizing
• Hard Anodising
• Semi Hard Anodising
• The Dyeing of Aluminium
• Printed & Multi Coloured Anodising
• Nickel/Cobalt Acetate Solution
• Stripping Anodic Coatings
• Tests for Anodic Films
• Faults in Anodizing
• The Surface Treatment of Magnesium
• M.E.L.Fluoride Anodising Process
• Equipment
• Treatment After Anodising
• Acid Chromate Solution
• Equipment
• Operating Procedure
• Chrome Manganese Solution
• Solution Composition
• The RAE Solution for the Chromate Treatment of Magnesium
• Process Sequence
• Plated Finishes on Magnesium

Phosphating Processes

• Applications
• Types of Phosphate Coating
• Surfaces to Which Phosphate Coatings May be Applied
• Preparation of Surfaces for Phosphating
• Specifications
• Treatment of High Tensile Steels
• Post Phosphating Treatments
• Equipment for Phosphating
• Immersion Phosphating Plant
• Spray Phosphating Equipment
• Phosphating Processes
• Light Weight Iron Phosphate Processes
• Heavy Zinc Phosphate Processes
• Calcium Modified Zinc Phosphate Processes
• Light Weight Zinc Phosphate Processes
• Manganese Phosphate Processes
• Phosphating Process Sequences
• Pre Treatment Processes
• Alkaline Cleaners
• Spray Phosphating
• Pickling & Derusting
• Immersion Rack or Barrel  Phosphating
• Post Phosphating Treatments
• Sealing Treatments
• Descalers & Rust Removers
• Oils & Lubricants
• Aluminium Pre-Treatment
• General Phosphating Information
• Effluent Treatment

Manufacturers & Suppliers of Machinery & Equipments

Suppliers of Electroplating Chemicals & Materials

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