Complete Technology Handbook on Cotton Production and other Cotton-based Products Manufacturing with Process and Project Profiles

Complete Technology Handbook on Cotton Production and other Cotton-based Products Manufacturing with Process and Project Profiles

ISBN: 9788189765767

Price: 2200/-

Book contains chapters on Status and Recent Progress in Determining the Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Cotton Crops, Advancements in Cotton Cultivation, The Harvesting and Ginning of Cotton, Physical Structure, Properties and Quality of Cotton, Cotton Fiber Testing, Cotton Contamination, Recent Advancements in Cotton Spinning, Recent Advancements in Cotton Spinning Machineries, Cotton Weaving Technology, Role of Cotton Fiber in Knitting Industry, ROBOspin and Compact Spinning, Cotton in Nonwoven Products, Cotton Fabric Pre-treatment Processes for Better Dyeing/Printing Effects, Cotton Fiber and Yarn Dyeing, Cotton Based Clothing, Innovations in the World of Textiles, Biomedical Application of Cotton and its Derivatives, Chemical Structure and Modification of Cotton, Advanced Physical Applications of Modified Cotton, Advanced Biological Applications of Modified Cotton, Advanced Chemical Applications of Modified Cotton, Recycled Cotton Fibers for Melange Yarn Manufacturing, Cotton Melange Yarn and Image Processing, Cottonseed Processing Plant, Crushing Ground Nuts and Cotton Seeds Refining, Surgical Cotton Industry, Screen Printing on Cotton, Polyester and Acrylics, Textile Dyeing, Bleaching, Finishing and Printing of Cotton Fabric, Absorbent Cotton, Cotton Sewing Thread (Bleaching Dyeing & Mercerising of Cotton Yarn), Cotton Yarn Dyeing, Tarpaulin (Chemical Water Proofing Process on Cotton Cloth), Cotton Garments (Gunjy Baniyan & Underwears), Cotton Swab, Cotton Yarn Spinning Plant, Cotton Saree Screen Printing, Advancements in Textile Printing, Cotton Blanket, Cotton Waste Spinning Plant, Jeans Cottons Casual and Shirts, Cotton Ginning & Pressing, Doubling Plant (Cotton and Fancy Doubling), Mercerising of Cotton Yarn (Hank), Viscose Rayon Yarn from Cotton Linters, Cotton Gloves (Knitted), Alkyd Resins based on Cotton Seed Oil, Cotton Bags Manufacturing Unit, Bio Fertilizer from Cotton Seed Cake, Cotton Seed Delinting/Crushing and Refining of Oil, Cotton Wax Fabric , Cellulose Powder from Cotton Linter (Waste of Cotton), Hydrophilic Cotton, Surgical Cotton, Gauze Band, Cotton Balls, Zig Zag Cotton, Surgical Cotton Wool, Packaging of Surgical Cotton Roll and Bandage, Alpha Cellulose Powder from Cotton Waste, Fibre Cotton from Silica Sand, Medical Cotton (Cap: Cotton Wool (500gm): 240 Rolls/Day & Cotton Gauze (1500gm): 3000 Rolls/Day, Plant Economics of Cotton (Rui) from Waste Cotton Cloth, Plant Economics of Fibre Cotton from Silica Sand, Plant Economics of Medical Cotton, Plant Economics of Spinning Cotton (Cotton Spinning Plant), Plant Economics of Surgical Cotton, Plant Economics of Surgical Cotton and Adhesive Bandage

Contents

Chapter 1

Status and Recent Progress in Determining the Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Cotton Crops

Germplasm development, breeding, disease and insect resistance

Original research

Marker-assisted selection

Sequencing tools as molecular markers

New methods for disease resistance

Biotic and abiotic stresses: Mapping, resistance genes and physiological traits

Other new tools for breeding

Sampling, fungal isolations and DNA extraction

Multilocus sequencing

Phylogenetic analyses

Genetic diversity and haplotype network construction

Host range, pathogenicity, and virulence experiments

Phylogenetic analyses

Genetic diversity and haplotype network

Host range, pathogenicity and virulence

Chapter 2

Advancements in Cotton Cultivation

Abiotic stress tolerance in cotton

Biotic stress tolerance in cotton

Cell and tissue culture technology

Genetically modified cotton

Cotton computational analysis

Balanced Nutrition and Soil Test Fertilizer Recommendations

Integrated nutrient management (INM)

Cry toxin Expression a Function of N Supply and Timing of Application

Poly-mulching

Organic mulch

Efficient Water Management:

Precision Farming:

Integrated Pest Management:

Soil Health Management:

Climate-Smart Agriculture:

Chapter 3

The Harvesting and Ginning of Cotton

Harvesting

Cotton Pickers

Storage

Ginning process

Ginning (lint-seed separation)

Lint Cleaning

Packaging

Fibre quality

Safety and Health Concerns

Employee participation in safety programmes

Chapter 4

Physical Structure, Properties and Quality of Cotton

Structure of Cotton Fiber:

Non Cellulosic Constituents of Cotton:

Chemical Composition of Cotton:

Chapter 5

Cotton Fiber Testing

Direct Methods

Degree of Wall Thickening

Caustic Soda Swelling Test

Indirect Methods

Polarized Light Tests

Differential Dyeing method

Chapter 6

Cotton Contamination

Sources of contamination

Contamination within raw material

Cleaning of mixing and conditioning bin

Frequent product change and loose fly spun

Oil and grease stain after machine maintenance

Contamination Detection System

Manual process

Gravimetric method

Electro-optical method

Working Principle

Contamination detection by optical means

Contamination ejection by ultrasonic means

Contamination ejection by pneumatic valves

Contamination removal at various stages of spinning

Contamination removal at ginning stage

Contamination removal on Blow room

Contamination removal on carding and comber

Contamination removal on draw frame and lappers

Contamination removal on ring frame

Contamination removal on winding

Cotton Contamination Cleaner Machine

Chapter 7

Recent Advancements in Cotton Spinning

Introduction

Blowroom

Difference Between Types of Plucking Roller of Automatic Bale Opener

Rieter Automatic Bale Opener

Trützschler Automatic Bale Opener (Blendomat BO-A)

Marzoli Automatic Bale Opener (Super Blender)

Lakshmi Bale Plucking Machine

Compact Blowroom Line

Compact Blowroom Line of Trützschler

Mote Knife with Suction in Place of Grid bar

Mixing/Blending of Raw Material

Color and Other Impurities Removal

Barco Cotton Sorter for Detection and Removal of Contaminants in Raw Cotton

Rieter Vision Shield, Metal Shield, Fire Shield and the Combo Shield

Loptex Optosonic Sorter

Online Parameter Settings

Trutzschler Waste control and Clean commander

Carding

Neps Removal Efficiency (%) and Neps %

Web-Cleaning Device

Nep Control Device

Drawframe

Auto Break Draft Setting

Clean Coil

Use a Camera to Monitor the Sliver Quality

Tension Measuring System

Pneumatic Pressure Head

Short Term Auto-Levelers

Simplex

Flyer Speed

Roving Bobbin Transport System

Roving Stop Motions

Electronic Driving System

Computer Monitoring Device

Ring-Spinning

Rotor Spinning

Chapter 8

Recent Advancements in Cotton Spinning Machineries

Savio Group

Marzoli

Saurer Spinning Solutions

Sahm’sBoDo

Trützschler Spinning

Rieter

Rotor spinning

Air Jet/Fasciated yarn spinning system

Friction spinning system

Vortex spinning process

Compact spinning system

Siro-spinning system

Chapter 9

Cotton Weaving Technology

Introduction

Preparatory processes for weaving

Warping

Warp sizing

Drawing-in and denting

Weaving process

Weaving operation

Different Varieties of Weaving Machines Employed in Cotton Fabric Manufacturing

Rapier Looms

Shuttle Looms

Tying-in And Drawing-in

Weaving Technologies

Chapter 10

Role of Cotton Fiber in Knitting Industry

Types of Cotton Fibre

Properties of Cotton Fibre

Knitting Industry and Role of Cotton Fiber in the Industry

Basic Concepts and Definitions

The Knitting (Interlooping) Processes on Knitting Machines

Concept of Knitting Machines’ Classification

Weft knitting

Knitting Process with Bearded Needles on the Circular Knitting Machine

Weft Knitting Machine Knitting Process with Latch Needles on the Circular Knitting Machine

Warp knitting

Weft knitting machines

List of weft knitting machines

Warp knitting machines:

List of warp knitting machines

Flat knitting machines

Circular knitting machines

List of circular knitting machines:

Chapter 11

ROBOspin and Compact Spinning

The Key To High Efficiency

Fully Automated From A To Z

Consistent performance with minimal personnel deployment

Save 10% Energy

Better Utilize the Raw Material

Save Space

Reduce Personnel

Earn More

Be Flexible

Profit Further

Chapter 12

Cotton in Nonwoven Products

Introduction

Characteristics

What is it about non-woven cotton that makes it so special?

Nonwoven Fabrics in consumer products

Cotton in Nonwoven Personal Care Products

Pain Relief

Nursing Pads

Adhesive Dental Sponge

Nasal Strip

Diapers

Cotton in Nonwoven Feminine Hygiene Products

Cotton in Nonwoven Medicals and Surgery

Cotton in Nonwoven Apparel

Cotton Interlining and Interfacing

Military Apparel

Contamination Control Gown/Examination Gowns

Cotton in nonwoven home textile and upholstery

Bedding

Mattresses

Curtains

Wallcovering

Carpets

Cotton in Nonwoven Wipes

Functional Nonwoven Textiles

Other Nonwovens in Consumer Products

Chapter 13

Cotton Fabric Pre-treatment Processes for Better Dyeing/Printing Effects

Purpose of fabric pre-treatments

Cotton Pretreatment Processes

Grey cloth inspection

Shearing and cropping

Singeing

Scouring

Desizing

Bleaching

Souring

Mercerising

Benefits of mercerisation on a cotton fabric

Chapter 14

Cotton Fiber and Yarn Dyeing

Introduction

Technical Aspects

Process of Manufacture

Process flow diagram for Dyed cotton yarn

Quality Control and Standards

Production Capacity (per annum)

Motive Power

Pollution Control

Energy conservation

Factors Influencing the Dyeing Process

Preparation for Medium

Preparation for the Dyeing Process

Cotton Fiber Dyeing Method

Yarn Dyeing Methods

Batch Dyeing

Hank Dyeing

Beam Dyeing Method

Continuous Dyeing Method

Rope Dyeing Method

Slasher Dyeing Method

Machinery Used for Dyeing

Dyeing Machine for Loose Cotton Fiber and Sliver

Machines for Dyeing Cotton Yarn

Hank Yarn Dyeing Machine

Package Dyeing Machine

Chapter 15

Cotton Based Clothing

Cotton Plant Varieties

Gossypiumhirsutum

Gossypiumbarbadense

Gossypium arboretum

Gossypiumherbaceum

Cotton Fabric Varieties

Short-staple cotton

Long-staple cotton

Extra-long-staple cotton

Egyptian cotton

Pima cotton

Supima cotton

Comfort Properties of Cotton-Based Clothing

Comfort Properties of Dyed Cotton/Mildewed Blended Rotor Yarn Fabrics

Comfort Properties of Blend Weft Knit Fabrics

Innovative Design Concept for Providing Comfort in Hot Arid Climate

Softness

Drapability

Thermal Comfort

Softness

Drapability

Thermal Comfort

Air Permeability

The Durability of Cotton-Based Clothing

Chapter 16

Innovations in the World of Textiles

Fabrics From Seaweed

Reusing Fabric Waste

3D Printing

Temperature-Sensitive Clothing

Metal-Less Conductivity

Sustainable Packaging

New Fabrics

Virtual Fashion

Textile Chemistry

Chapter 17

Biomedical Application of Cotton and its Derivatives

Introduction

Products

The healthcare and hygiene products

Medical and Pharmacy division

Types of Fibers Used in Medical Textiles

Types of Fabrics Used

Classification of Medical Textiles

Implantable Materials

Product Applications

Non-Implantable Materials

Extra Corporal Devices

Health Care & Hygienic Products

Fibers Used in Different Purposes in Medical & Health Care

Applications of Medical Textiles

Contact Lenses

N95 Mask

Surgical Mask

Surgical Gown

Sanitary Napkin

Diaper

Bandages

Human Textile

Uses of Smart and Nanotechnology in Medical Textiles

Chapter 18

Chemical Structure and Modification of Cotton

Cellulose Chemistry

Mechanisms of Modification of Cotton Fiber and Fabric

Chapter 19

Advanced Physical Applications of Modified Cotton

Superhydrophobicity

Modification methods of natural fibers for hydrogel production

Hydrogel synthesis from plant fibers

Automotive application

Barrier properties and applications

Chapter 20

Advanced Biological Applications of Modified Cotton

Antimicrobial activity

Medical

Wound healing

Drug delivery

Insecticidal potential

Chapter 21

Advanced Chemical Applications of Modified Cotton

Conductive textiles

Photocatalytic degradation

Oil–water separation

Antimicrobial properties

Antibacterial activity

Electrical Conductivity, Sensitivity, and EMI Shielding

Chemical Detoxification and Photocatalysis

Multi-advanced Applications

Chapter 22

Recycled Cotton Fibers for Melange Yarn Manufacturing

Recycled cotton fibers are made from:

How Mélange yarn is mase?

Type of mélange yarns

Grey mélange and ecru mélange yarn

Fiber Preparation Methods

Dyeing of Virgin Cotton

Recycled Fibers as a Raw Material for Mélange Yarn

Sorting and Cleaning

Cutting

Material Conditioning

Shoddying or Tearing

Baling

Mélange Yarn Spinning

Blended mélange yarn

Non blended mélange yarn

Applications of mélange yarn

Important features of mélange yarn

Common problems in making mélange yarn

Factors Affecting Spinning Mélange Yarn

Fiber Selection

Blending

Processing

Chapter 23

Cotton Melange Yarn and Image Processing

Possible and Practical Software Approaches in the Melange Yarn Industry

Automated Visual Inspection of Yarn

Limitations of conventional inspections

Transfer All Know-how from the Technician to the Factory

Control Every Knitting Machine from One Dashboard

Boost Functionality of Textile Factory ERP System

Automate Knitting Machine Setup and Maintenance

Greater Accuracy and Efficiency in Quality Control

Elevate the Quality of Knitted Fabrics

Chapter 24

Cottonseed Processing Plant

Introduction to Cottonseed Oil Extraction Plant

Process Description of scienti-fic processing of Cotton Seed Processing

Features of Cottonseed Oil Processing Plant

The Process of Cottonseed Oil Plant

Section I:  Cottonseeds Pretreatment and Prepressing Workshop

Section II: Cottonseed Cake Solvent Extraction Workshop

Oil Extraction

Evaporating and Stripping

Solvent recovery

Section III: Crude Cottonseed Oil Refinery Plant

Degumming

De-acidification

Bleaching

Deodorization

Cottonseed Oil Fractionation Plant

Cotton Seed Products and Uses

Cottonseed Oil Processing Machines

Solvent Extraction Method

Cottonseed Oil Refining

Cottonseed Oil Fractionation

Chapter 25

Crushing Ground Nuts and Cotton Seeds Refining

Cleaning

Shelling

Grading

Crushing

Rolling or grinding

Steaming or Cooking

Pressing

Peanut oil pressing methods

Filtering

Refining

Cotton Seeds Oil Refinery Plant

The Process of Cotton Seeds Oil Refinery Plant

Degumming

Neutralizing

Bleaching

Deodorization

Composition and Content of Cottonseed Oil

Cottonseed Oil Needs Refining

Flow chart

Cottonseed oil refining workshop

Flow chart

Chapter 26

Surgical Cotton Industry

Manufacturing process for surgical cotton

Technical Details

Indian Specification

Raw material requirements

Flow process chart for the manufacture

Opening and cleaning of Raw Cotton

Bleaching

Removal of Chemicals

Drying

Lapping

Carding

Rolling

Weighing and cutting

Quality Control & Specification

Qualitative parameters of the product

Machinery & Equipment required for the manufacturing

Blow-room machine

Bleaching range

Hydro extractor

Dryer

Lapping machine

Carding machine

Rolling machine

Cutting machine

Packaging machine

Chapter 27

Screen Printing on Cotton, Polyester and Acrylics

Cotton

Polyester

Acrylic

Screen print on different kinds of fabrics

Cotton fabrics

Silk fabrics

Wool fabrics

Acrylic and polyester fabrics

Jersey fabrics

Flat Screen Printing Machine

Chapter 28

Textile Dyeing, Bleaching, Finishing and Printing of Cotton Fabric

Dyeing

Printing

Finishing

Different types of Textile Finishing

Chemical Finishing Methods

Mechanical Finishing Methods

Washing and Drying

Stabilizing

Other Finishes

Textile Finishing Machines

Chapter 29

Absorbent Cotton

Manufacturing of medical absorbent cotton

Purity test for medical absorbent cotton

Chapter 30

Cotton Sewing Thread (Bleaching Dyeing & Mercerising of Cotton Yarn)

Thread Manufacturing

Thread Types

Some varieties of Continuous Filament Threads

Wet Processing - Dye Package Winding

Wet Processing - Dyeing

Bleaching

Mercerization

Mechanism

Source

Advantages of Mercerization

Types of Mercerization

Hot Mercerization

Advantages of Hot Mercerization

Slack/Cold Mercerization

Wet Processing - Mercerising

Finishing - Final Winding

Thread Sizing

Factors leading To Mercerization

Twaddle (Unit of concentration of NaOH)

Temperature

Tension

Time

Steps of a Typical Mercerizing Cycle and Their Significance

Chapter 31

Cotton Yarn Dyeing

Yarn Dyeing

Different Types or Methods of Yarn Dyeing

Package Dyeing

Hank Dyeing

Space Dyeing

Warp Beam Dyeing

Process Flow Chart for 100% Cotton Yarn (Dark/Medium/Light Shade)

Pretreatment

Dyeing

After-treatment

Chapter 32

Tarpaulin (Chemical Water Proofing Process on Cotton Cloth)

Purpose of Waterproofing

Principle of Waterproofing

Requirements

Method

Chemicals Used

Process

Chapter 33

Cotton Garments (Gunjy Baniyan & Under wears)

Natural Fabric Used for Underwear

Cotton fabric

Hemp fabric

Silk fabric

Bamboo viscose fabric

Merino wool fabric

Synthetic Fabric Used for Underwear:

Organza fabric

Florence net fabric

Nylon fabric

Spandex fabric

Polyester fabric

Various Fabrics Used for Lingerie

Satin fabric

Lace fabric

Jersey fabric

Mesh fabric

Microfiber fabric

Manufacturing of Hosiery Products

Introduction

Market Snapshot

Raw Materials

Process of Manufacture

Chapter 34

Cotton Swab

Introduction

Raw Material

Machine Required

Automatic Cotton Swab Making Machine

Manufacturing Process

Byproducts/Waste

Chapter 35

Cotton Yarn Spinning Plant

Introduction

Spinning

Types of Spinning

Dry Spinning

Wet Spinning

Melt Spinning

Gel Spinning

Yarn

How is Cotton manufactured from the Yarn?

Cotton Yarn Spinning

Weaving of Cotton

Finishing of Cotton

Cotton Yarn Spinning Process

Below mentioned is how the Man-made Fibers manufacturing Process

Blow Room

Action of Opposing Spikes

Action of Air Currents

Action of Beaters

Carding

Carding Action

Stripping Action

Draw Frame

Tasks of Draw frame

Equalizing

Parallelizing

Blending

Combing

Objects of Comber

Basic Principle of a Comber (Combing sequence/Cycle)

Roving Frame/Speed Frame/Simplex

Objectives of speed frame

Operation involved in speed frame:

Drafting

Twisting

Winding

Ring Frame

Functions of ring frame:

Operations involved in ring frame:

Advantage of Ring Spinning System:

Disadvantages of Ring Spinning System:

Limitations:

Cone Winding

Chapter 36

Cotton Saree Screen Printing

Different Types of Textile Printing Methods:

Screen Printing

Flat Screen Printing

Rotary Screen Printing

Chapter 37

Advancements in Textile Printing

Introduction

Recent Developments in Textile Printing

Inkjet Printing

Methodology of inkjet printing

Types of inkjet printing

Drop on demand

Continuous flow

Advantages

Disadvantages

Screen Printing

Types of screen printing

Adhesive system

Squeeze system

Drying unit

Recent Technological Developments in Flat Screen Printing Machine

Rotary screen printing machine

Transfer Printing

Types of transfer printing

Melt transfer

Film release

Wet transfer

Flexographic printing

Advancements in flexographic printing:

Extended Color Gamut (ECG) Flexo printing

Hybrid Flexo/inkjet printing systems:

Digital Printing

Advantages:

Chapter 38

Cotton Blanket

Manufacturing Process

Yarn Preparation

Knitting

Dyeing/Printing Fabric

Enhancing Appearance

Cutting for Size

Embroidery

Sewing And Hemming

Vacuuming

Quality Checking

LabelingAnd Packaging

Blankets & Quilts

Raw Materials

Production Process

Types of Cotton Blankets

Chapter 39

Cotton Waste Spinning Plant

Introduction:

List of Blowroom Waste

List of Carding Waste

List of Waste in Combing

Waste in Simplex/Roving Frame

Waste in Ring Frame

List of Waste in Cotton Spinning Mill with Percentage

Factors for Waste Generation in Spinning Mill:

Concept of Waste

Waste in Garment Industry

Waste Management Systems in the Textile and Fashion Industry

Waste Management in Spinning Mill

Factors for Waste Management in Spinning Mill

Textiles with technical applications

Composting

Source Reduction

Regeneration

Chapter 40

Jeans Cottons Casual and Shirts

Introduction

Manufacturing of Denim Fabric

Flow Chart of Denim Production Process:

Cotton Fiber

Denim Weaving

Jeans Manufacturing Process and Finishing

Flow Chart of Jeans Manufacturing Process:

Major segments of jeans manufacturing

Joining Techniques

Digital Printing of Denim

Denim Garment Washing Techniques

Enzyme Washing

Effects of cellulase enzymes on denim

Reduced Water Washing

Jeans Finishing Process

Comfort Aspects of Jeans

Casual and Shirts

Introduction

Significance of shirts

Developing trends in shirt manufacturing industry:

Categories of shirts and trends in fabrics and structures

Formal shirts

Fiber content

Structures

Popular formal shirts

Fiber content

Structures

Casual shirts

Fiber content

Structures

Occasional shirts

Fiber content

Structures

Chapter 41

Cotton Ginning & Pressing

Objects of Cotton Ginning:

Types of Cotton Ginning:

Faults of Cotton Ginning Process

Modern Cotton Ginning Machine

Feeder

Dryer

Cylinder Cleaner

Stick Machine

Extractor Feeder

Gin Stand

Lint Cleaner

Bale Press

Operation principle of gin stand

Types of gin stand

Saw-roller gin

Knife Roller Gin

Pressing Process

Basic Components/Para-meters of Pressing

Classification of Pressing

Objectives of Pressing Process in Garment Industry

Necessary Equipments for Garment Pressing

Steam Iron

Steam Pressing Machine

Working process of steam pressing machine

Chapter 42

Doubling Plant (Cotton and Fancy Doubling)

The doubling process

Ring Doubling Frame

Main Parts

Specification

Gearing diagram of ring doubling frame

Yarn Count and Twist

Definition of Twist

Nature of Twist

Real twist

False twist

Twist Direction

Cotton Yarn Spinning Process

Man-made Fibers manufacturing

Objects of Doubling and Twisting

Doubling and twisting are two separate operations

Doubling

Passage of material through Ring Doubler

Twist and Twist Direction Effects

Properties of Double or Folded Yarn

Application of Double Yarn

Chapter 43

Mercerising of Cotton Yarn (Hank)

Yarn mercerisation in hank form

Machine description

Process sequence

Precaution

Yarn mercerizing in continuous sheet form

Machine description

Process sequence

Yarn mercerization machine principle

Flowchart of Hank mercerization process

Flowchart of Fabric mercerization process

Slack mercerization

Mercerization Chemicals

Sodium hydroxide

Factors Affecting Mercerization

Moisture Regain Influence On The Mercerization

Moisture regains

Reasons for increasing moisture regain

Chapter 44

Viscose Rayon Yarn from Cotton Linters

Introduction

Viscose Rayon

Manufacturing Process of Viscose Rayon

Steeping

Pressing

Shredding

Aging

Xanthation

Dissolving

Ripening

Filtration and deaeration

Degassing

Spinning – (Wet Spinning):

Drawing

Washing

Cutting

Winding and stretching

Chapter 45

Cotton Gloves (Knitted)

Characteristics of Knit Fabric

Easy to carry

Formula for calculating knit fabric consumption

Chapter 46

Alkyd Resins based on Cotton Seed Oil

Chapter 47

Cotton Bags Manufacturing Unit

Introduction

Types of Cotton Bags

Raw Material

Machinery Requirement

Manufacturing Process

Plant and Machinery

Technology/Manufacturing Machine

Main technical parameters:

Printing Machine

Main technical parameters

Chapter 48

Bio Fertilizer from Cotton Seed Cake

Introduction

Mineral Compositions

Ashing and digestion of plant parts

Carbohydrate Content

Contents in Cotton seed cake

Benefits of Catton Seed Cake

Chapter 49

Cotton Seed Delinting/Crushing and Refining of Oil

Methods of Cottonseed Delinting

Process Description of scientific processing of Cotton Seed Processing

Process

Cottonseed Oil Refining Plant Process:

Degumming

Neutralization

Bleaching

Deodorization

Vapour Scrubbing

Extracting Oil from Cottonseed Cakes by Solvent

Equipment for Cottonseed Delinting

Cottonseeds Pre-treatment Equipment

Removing the Solvent

Solvent Recovery

Cottonseed Oil Solvent Extraction Plant

Desolventizer

Chapter 50

Cotton Wax Fabric

Use

Oil, fat and wax

Batik Printing

Chapter 51

Cellulose Powder from Cotton Linter (Waste of Cotton)

Technical information regarding cotton linters

Manufacturing Method

Sorting of cotton wastes

Alkaline pretreatment and bleaching of cotton lint

Acid hydrolysis

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Chapter 52

Hydrophilic Cotton

Process of manufacturing hydrophilic cotton

Hydrophilic cotton roll

Outlook

Chapter 53

Surgical Cotton, Gauze Band, Cotton Balls, Zig Zag Cotton

Uses

Advantages

Manufacturing process

Gauze Band

Cotton Balls

Manufacturing process

Zig Zag Cotton

The manufacturing process

Manufacturing process of cotton rolls:

Chapter 54

Surgical Cotton Wool

Manufacturing process

Uses

Chapter 55

Packaging of Surgical Cotton Roll and Bandage

The packaging process

Chapter 56

Alpha Cellulose Powder from Cotton Waste

Chapter 57

Fibre Cotton from Silica Sand

Manufacturing process

Details of Silica Fibre

Manufacturing process of fibre cotton from silica sand (beach sand)

Process flow diagram for the manufacture of cotton fibre from silica sand

Chapter 58

Medical Cotton (Cap: Cotton Wool (500gm): 240 Rolls/Day & Cotton Gauze (1500gm): 3000 Rolls/Day

Process of manufacture of surgical cotton

Mechanical cleaning of raw cotton

Boiling

Bleaching

Hydroextraction

Drying

Carding

Sterlization

Packing

Flow sheet for the manufacture of surgical cotton

Round Bale Plucker

Six Beater

Chapter 59

Plant Economics of Cotton (Rui) from Waste Cotton Cloth

Plant Economics

Land & Building

Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital

Working Capital Requirement/Month

Total Capital Investment

Turn Over/Annum

Chapter 60

Plant Economics of Fibre Cotton from Silica Sand

Plant Economics

Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital

Working Capital Requirement/Month

Total Capital Investment

Turn Over/Annum

Chapter 61

Plant Economics of Medical Cotton

Plant Economics

Land & Building

Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital

Working Capital Requirement/Month

Total Capital Investment

Turn Over/Annum

Chapter 62

Plant Economics of Spinning Cotton (Cotton Spinning Plant)

Plant Economics

Land & Building

Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital

Working Capital Requirement/Month

Total Capital Investment

Turn Over/Annum

Chapter 63

Plant Economics of Surgical Cotton

Plant Economics

Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital

Working Capital Requirement/Month

Total Capital Investment

Turn Over/Annum

Chapter 64

Plant Economics of Surgical Cotton and Adhesive Bandage

Plant Economics

Land & Building

Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital

Working Capital Requirement/Month

Total Capital Investment

Turn Over/Annum