Detailed Project Report on biomass briquettes

BIOMASS BRIQUETTES
[CODE NO.3345]

Briquetting is the technology to convert all types of agricultural and forestry waste into solid fuel. Briquettes are formed in cylindrical logs using high mechanical pressure without the use of chemical or binder. The product is a replacement to conventional fossil fuels and can be used across various manufacturing industries such as boilers, furnaces and kilns. Bio-Briquette is an eco friendly solid biofuel which helps to reduce pollution, contributing to greener environment and save worthy foreign exchange. Briquetting works on the basic concept of “Wealth from Waste”. The briquettes are used for energy generation helping farmers to earn money from the waste. Briquetting of residues takes place with the application of pressure, heat and on the loose materials to produce the briquettes. No addition of any binder / chemicals is required so it is 100 % natural.

Fuel is the primary need for any country that whose backbone lies in the Industrial sector. More and more exhaustible sources of energy are diminishing each day. As a result, there is an immediate need to adopt new sources of energy which can help sustain the economic growth without any negative repercussions.

India has approximately 141 million hectares of arable land and agricultural output is around 800 million tones, which in itself generates 750 million tones waste. Even after deducting 450 million tones, which is used as fodder, 300 million tones could be used for biomass generation. Crop residues which are not used as animal fodder, such as cane trash, paddy straw, coconut stalks, branches and mustard waste, are estimated to total around 75 million tons per annum.

All the biomass and wood wastes are collected in large storage units and are recycled to produce solid fuel that can be used to heat industrial boilers. This is a renewable source of energy and is perfect in countries that produce tones of agriculture and forest waste each year. Every year millions of tons of agricultural waste are generated. These are either non-used or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. Handling and transportation of these materials is difficult due to their low bulk density. These wastes can provide a renewable source of energy by converting into high-density fuel briquettes without addition of any binder.

Not only does it put the agro-forest waste to good use, but it also becomes a source of revenue and saves the Global environment by producing clean and green energy.

The advantages of biomass briquetting are by no means limited to its use in modern industrial plants or solid fuel boilers. Indeed, in developing countries a far bigger percentage of the population cover their energy needs with biomass alone, where their primary need is for heat energy for cooking and heating. International development cooperation has accordingly long been focused on improving the basic energy supply in many countries around the world. It is notable that biomass briquettes have played a bigger part in many projects over recent years, such as those for distributing better stove technologies, for example. Next to adapted cooking behaviors and improved cooking appliances, the fuel can play one important role in improving the overall situation of households. Biomass briquettes can be produced out of many field or process residues and burning them in cooking appliances instead of traditional fuels as logged and collected wood or charcoal can be an interesting alternative for business makers but al
so for fuel clients.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant  Capacity                                            :    72.00 MT./day
land & Building (1800 Sq.Mtr)                  :    Rs.  78.82 Lacs
Plant & Machinery                                      :     Rs.  66.60 Lacs
Working Capital for 2 Months                   :    Rs.  1.73 Cr
Total Capital Investment                            :    Rs.  3.81 Cr
Rate of Return                                             :    48%
Break Even Point                                         :    44%


INTRODUCTION    
PURPOSE AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT    
BRIQUETTING TECHNOLOGIES:    
A SUBSTITUTE TO COAL AND FIREWOOD    
AGRO WASTE BRIQUETTES    
WOOD BRIQUETTES    
SAW DUST BRIQUETTES    
RECYCLED BRIQUETTES    
ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION    
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUEL    
LOCATION OF PROJECT ACTIVITY    
PHYSICAL/GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION    
CIVIC ADMINISTRATION    
ACCESSIBILITY    
SOME IDENTIFIED INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS USING BRIQUETTES AS FUEL    
ADVANTAGE OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTE    
SPECIFICATION OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES
BIOMASS MATERIALS    
AND THEIR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS    
PLEASE NOTE: ABOVE BIOMASS IS SUITABLE FOR USING SEPARATELY OR
IN A MIX FORM AS AN INPUT OF RAW MATERIAL FOR CONVERTING FINISHED
BRIQUETTES. CALORIFIC VALUE MAY VERY DUE TO DIFFERENT QUALITY OF
RAW MATERIAL.    
APPROPRIATE BIOMASS RESIDUES FOR BRIQUETTING    
LOW MOISTURE CONTENT    
ASH CONTENT AND COMPOSITION    
APPROX. ASH CONTENT OF DIFFERENT BIOMASS TYPES    
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS    
OTHER BIOMASS MATERIALS    
ON THE BASIS OF COMPACTION, THE BRIQUETTING TECHNOLOGIES
CAN BE DIVIDED INTO:    
BINDING MECHANISMS OF DENSIFICATION    
MECHANISM OF COMPACTION    
COMPARISON BETWEEN FOSSIL FUEL & BIOMASS    
COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMASS    
AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE    
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE
EFFECT OF MOISTURE    
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE OF BIOMASS    
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE OF THE DIE    
EFFECT OF EXTERNAL ADDITIVES    
BRIQUETTE COMPETITIVENESS    
LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT FOR BRIQUETTE USE    
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-WOOD BRIQUETTES    
BIOMASS SOURCES    
MARKET SURVEY    
DOMESTIC (INFORMAL) MARKET    
INDUSTRIAL MARKET    
MARKETS AND USERS FOR BRIQUETTES    
MARKETS FOR BIOMASS BRIQUETTES    
INDUSTRIES GO GREEN WITH AGRO-WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL    
BIOMASS BRIQUETTING IN INDIA    
BRIQUETTEMANUFACTURING PROCESS    
MOISTURE CONTROL PRIOR TO BIOMASS PROCESSING    
MILLING    
DRYING    
ROTATOR DRUMS (TROMMEL) OR INDIRECT DRIERS
BRIQUETTING    
PISTON BRIQUETTING    
DENSIFICATION BY EXTRUSION - SCREW BRIQUETTING MACHINE    
PACKAGING    
BRIQUETTES PACKING WITH THERMOSEALING    
PALLET WRAPPING MACHINE    
FLOW CHART    
PROCESS FOR DIFFERENT AGRO WASTE    
ELECTRICAL DATA    
BRIQUETTE MACHINE & BODY COMPONENTS:    
MACHINETYPE:    
BINDER LESS PRODUCTION:    
LAND AREA REQUIRED:    
BRIQUETTE MACHINE & ACCESSORIES    
SPECIFICATIONS OF BRIQUETTE MACHINE MODEL ECOSTAN® BULL     
CONSUMABLE PARTS WITH MACHINE:    
CHIPPER GRINDER BODY COMPONENTS:    
WORKING PARAMETERS:    
RAW MATERIAL PARAMETERS:    
GRINDER SPECIFICATION
CHIPPER CUM GRINDER & ACCESSORIES    
FLASH DRYER SINGLE PASS BODY COMPONENTS:    
HOT AIR FURNACE:    
WORKING PARAMETERS:    
FLASH DRYER SINGLE PASS & ACCESSORIES    
SCREW CONVEYOR CASING:    
HEALTH AND SAFETY    
CONVERT YOUR BRIQUETTES INTO MONEY    
TABLE OF CALORIFIC VALUES    
CONCLUSIONS    
PRODUCE BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AND LEAVE TRADITIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY    
INCREASING DEMAND OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY    
BIOMASS BRIQUETTING PLANT IMPROVE CURRENT ECOLOGICAL CRISIS    
USE BRIQUETTING PLANT AND SAVE TREES    
PHOTOGRAPHS    
PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS:-    
MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS (SUPPLIER- ECOSTAN)    
RAW MATERIAL
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES    
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS FOR BIOMASS BRIQUETTES    

APPENDIX – A:

 1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
 2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
 3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
 4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
 5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
 6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
 7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
 8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
 9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT                                   
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET