Detailed Project Report on zinc chloride (zn cl2)

ZINC CHLORIDE (ZnCl2)
[CODE NO. 3376]

Zinc is in Group II B of the periodic table and exhibits a valence  of +2 in all its compounds.  Being  high  on  the electromotive  series, Zinc form quite stable compounds.  Bonding in   Zinc   compounds  tends  to  be  covalent,   with   strongly electropositive  elements, eg chlorine, the bond is more ionic.

Zinc chloride is one of the important zinc componds. It is stable in the vapour phase upto 900oC. It is very hygroscopic, extremely  water soluble, and soluble in organic liquids such  as alcohols, esters, ketones,ethers, amides and mitrictes.  Hydrates with  1,  1.5,  2.5,  3,  and 4  molecules  of  water  have  been identified and great care must be expressed to avoid hydration of the anhydrous form.

Aqueous  solution of zinc chloride are  acidic  (pH=1.O for  6  m ),and when partially neutralized form  slighly  soluble basic chlorides eg. Zncl2 and 4 Zn( ch)2 and Zn(ch)cl  many other basic chlorides have been reported.

Zinc  Chloride (Zn Cl2) is available as  white, crystalline powder, odourless, moulded in pencils or porcelains like mass.

It  is one of the most soluble inorganic substances  432gm dissolving in 100 ml of water at 25o, and 635 gm at 100oC. It  is also  quite  soluble  in organic solvents  containing  oxygen  or nitrogen.

It is difficult to remove the last traces of water from  the solid  for  it is highly hygroscopic. It is surprising  that  the degree  of  hydrolysis of aqueous solution of  Zinc  Chloride  at moderate dilution is very small. Its aqueous solution is  acidic. It has been called "butter of zinc" because of its formation of a white semi solid mass on evaporation.

Zinc Chloride is obtained by heating zinc with dry  chlorine gas, by the action of hydrochloric acid on Zinc  Oxide,  or  by heating a mixture of Zinc Sulphate and Sodium Chloride.

It is economical to manufacture zinc chloride from secondary Zinc sources as Zinc dross, sal skimming, etc. The zinc dross  is treated   with   some  what  less  than  required   quantity   of hydrochloric  acid  and  the clear liquid is  filtered  off.  The oxides  dross  residue  is then treated  with  chlorine  and  the resultant  zinc  chloride is leached off and added to  the  first filtrate. The clear liquid is evaporated to the desired stage

Zinc chloride is an industrially important compound of Zinc. In aqueous solution, it may be used alone or in combination  with phenol  or  sodium chromate as a wood  preservative  for  railway sleepers  poles  for  communication  lines,  etc.  and  for  fire proofing timber.

In  the textile industry,Zinc chloride is used for crimping wool,cotton and silk. It is used  as carbonizing  agent  in treating  wool and for fire proofing woolen goods. In  the  rayon industry,  Zinc Chloride is used as catalyst or process  material for miscellaneous purposes.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant  Capacity                                          :    13.33 MT/day    
land & Building (3000 Sq.Mtr)                :    Rs. 2.25  Cr
Plant & Machinery                                     :    Rs. 1.25  Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months                 :    Rs. 3.14  Cr
Total Capital Investment                         :    Rs. 6.84  Cr
Rate of Return                                          :    26%
Break Even Point                                      :    54%


INTRODUCTION    
PROPERTIES    
SPECIFICATION OF ZINC ASH    
SPECIFICATIONS AND TERMS IN BRIEF:    
SPECIFICATIONS & GRADES OF ZINC CHLORIDE    
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION OF ZINC CHLORIDE SOLUTION LYE OR BRINE    
BIS SPECIFICATION FOR ZINC CHLORIDE    
GRADES    
HAZARDS
SCOPE    
GRADES    
PACKING AND MARKING    
TABLE I REQUIREMENTS FOR ZINC CHLORIDE, SOLID    
SAMPLING    
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AMMONIA    
REAGENTS    
PROCEDURE    
CALCULATION.    
WHERE    
FOR FLUX GRADE    
DETERMINATION OF ALKALIS AND ALKALINE EARTHS    
CALCULATION    
WHERE    
TEST FOR ALKALINITY    
REAGENTS    
TEST FOR HEAVY METALS    
PROCEDURE    
TEST FOR NITRATES    
REAGENTS    
DETERMINATION OF SULPHATES    
REAGENTS    
CALCULATION    
WHERE    
TEST FOR IRON    
APPARATUS    
REAGENTS    
PROCEDURE    
SCALE OF SAMPLING    
CONTAINER AND REGULATIONS    
USES AND APPLICATIONS    
APPLICATION:    
ZINC CHLORIDE AS GRIGNARD CATALYST    
ZINC CHLORIDE AS A GERMICIDE    
ZINC CHLORIDE AS A DRYING AGENT    
ZINC CHLORIDE IN LEAD DEZINCING    
CHLORINE DEZINCING    
ZINC CHLORIDE AS COAL HYDROGENATION CATALYST    
ZINC CHLORIDE IN POLYESTER MANUFACTURING    
ZINC CHLORIDE IN FLUXES WITH KHF2    
AS A METALLURGICAL FLUX    39
IN TEXTILE AND PAPER PROCESSING    39
SMOKE GRENADES    
FINGERPRINT DETECTION    
DISINFECTANT    
SKIN CANCER TREATMENT    
SAFETY    
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES    
MARKET SURVEY    
IMPORT DATA OF ZINC CHLORIDE    
EXPORT DATA OF ZINC CHLORIDE    
MARKET SURVEY (GLOBAL)    
PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION OF ZINC CHLORIDE    
PRODUCTION AND PREPARATION    
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ZINC CHLORIDE    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS    
REACTION & MATERIAL REQUIREMENT:-    
REACTION    
PROCESS:    
MANUFACTURE OF ZINC CHLORIDE FROM ZINC METAL    
PROCESS    
PURIFICATION    
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED    
DISCRIPTION  OF EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE PROCESS LEACHING TANK    
FILTER PROCESS    
EVAPORALOR    
CONTINUOUS TUNNELS    
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM    
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ZINC CHLORIDE    
CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION    
COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS    
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION    
FIRST AID MEASURES    
FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA    
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES    
HANDLING AND STORAGE    
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION    
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES    
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY DATA    
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION    
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION    
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS    
PLANT LAYOUT    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY     


APPENDIX – A:

 1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
 2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
 3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
 4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
 5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
 6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
 7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
 8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
 9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT                                   
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET