Detailed Project Report on Alpha Cellulose Powder from Cotton Waste

ALPHA CELLULOSE POWDER FROM COTTON WASTE 

[EIRI/EDPR/1645] J.C.451

INTRODUCTION

Cellulose is a natural carbohydrate high polymer (polysaccharide) consisting of anhydro glucose units joined by an oxygen linkage to form long molecular chains.

That are essentially linear cellulose existing in three form.

1. Alpha,  2. Beta,  3. Gamma

Alpha cellulose has the highest degree of Polymerization (DP). It is insoluble in strong sodium hydroxide solution.

The beta and gamma form have much lower DP and are known as hemicelluloses.

Cellulose is the principal fiber cell-wall material of green terrestrial  and merine plants, produced also by a  few  bacteria, animals  and fungi, and thus the most abundant  natural  material (40%  in wood, over 70% in best and leaf fibres, 95% in the ceou wall of the green alga valonia ventricosa; Ca 5 x 10" metrictions biosynthesized yearly). Cellulose is a long linear  polymer  of anhydroglucose  units, and this is reflected in the  thread  like structures of cellulose found in the plant cell walls elementary fibrils approximately 3.5 m in width and indefinite length) which are further laterally associated to provide strength (as microfibrils, generally 10-30 mm in breadth).

Repeat Unit of Cellulose (B-cellobiose residue)

Although the biochemical pathway for the biosynt thesis of cellulose from glucose in plants is relatively well understood, the mechanisms of the formation of long chains, of association as microfibrils and of deposition in plant cell walls are  still being researched.

Cellulose is partly ordered (crystalline) and partly disordered (amorphous),  presumably the result of regions of regularity and non regularity within the elementary and microfibrils. Accessibility of cellose is the relative ease by which the hydroxyl gps can be accessed by reactants.

The amorphous regions are highly accessible and react readily, where as the crystalline regions with close packing and hydrogen bonding can be completely inaccessible.

Cellulose also exists in several   polymorphs. Native cellulose or cellulose  I is converted  to  cellulose  II  when cellulose  fibres  are regenerated or treated  with  12-18% NaoH solution (mercerized), and to cellulose III and cellulose IV upon being subjected to certain chemical treatments or heat. X-ray and electron-diffractometric  studies,  conformational  analyses  and vibrational  spectroscopy   have been used to define the crystalline natured of these poluymorphs and  several unit-cell structures based on intermolecular hydrogen bonding of  cellulose chains have been proposed and refined over the years. Recent work with  Raman  Spectroscopy and  solid-state C nmr  spectroscopy suggests that adjacent anhyfroglucose units in cellulose are non-equivalent, leading to the hypothesis that cellulose is a polymer not of anhydroglucose but anhydrocellobiose but of anhydrocellobiose, Further,  varying   anundance   of  these anhydrocellobiose  conformations (two ordere states, K1 and  K11, and one disordered state, Kg) result in differing  intramolecular order which, with the intermolecular bonding of cellulose  china, makeup the various Polymorphs.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            2 MT/Day

Land & Building (1500 sq.mt.)    Rs. 2.57 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 90.00 Lac

Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 93.16 Lac

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 4.52 Cr

Rate of Return                          17%

Break Even Point                      66%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ASSAY

SPECIFICATION

USES AND APPLICATION

MARKET SURVEY

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF ALPHA CELLULOSE POWDER

B I S SPECIFICATION

E 460(II) POWDERED CELLULOSE - EU SPECIFICATION

RAW MATERIALS

PROPERTIES OF ALPHA CELLULOSE POWDER

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OFALPHA CELLULOSE POWDER 

FROM COTTON WASTE

PREPARATION METHOD OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE FROM COTTON WASTE AND OTHER CELLULOSIC WASTE

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

PLANT LAYOUT

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)