Detailed Project Report on Dairy Farm (Cow & Buffaloe)

DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOE) 

[EIRI/EDPR/2092] J.C.: 1009, 1202XL

INTRODUCTION

Jersey Cows

The Jersey breed originated on the Island of Jersey, a small British island in the English Channel off the coast of France. The Jersey is one of the oldest dairy breeds, having been reported by authorities as being purebred for nearly six centuries.

The breed was known in England as early as 1771 and was regarded very favorably because of its milk and butterfat production. At that early date, the cattle of Jersey Island were commonly referred to as Alderney cattle although the cattle of this island were later referred to only as Jerseys. Jersey cattle were brought to the United States in the 1850's.

Milk Production

Jersey and Jersey cross cows with milk yield capacity of 3000 to 5000 liters per lactation. (15 to 25 liters per day).

Buffalo

More than Five percent of the world's milk comes from Buffalloes. Buffalloes milk is used in much the same way as cow's milk. It is high in fats and total solid, which gives it a rich flavour. Many people prefer it to cow's milk and are willing to pay more for it. In India, where in Mumbai area alone an estimated 10,000 new born calves starved to death each year through lack of milk. The demand for Buffallo milk in India (About 60% of the milk consumed over 80% in some states) is reflected in the prices paid for a litre of milk; about 130 paisa for cow's milk compared with about 200 paisa for buffallo milk Twelve of the Eighteen major breeds of buffallo are kept primarily for milk production (although male may be used for traction & all animals are eventually used for meat.) The main milk breeds of India & Pakistan are the murrah, Nile/Ravi, Surti, Mehsana, Nagpure, & Jafarabad.

The domesticated water buffallo is one of the gentlist of all farm animals. Despite an intimidating appearance it is more like a house hold pat-sociable, gentle and serve. In rural Asia the care of buffalloes is after turned over to small boys & girls aged about 4 to 9.

Another belief is that the buffallo is exclusively a tropical animal. River type buffalloes, However, have been used to pull snow plows during Bulgarian winter.

Buffallo milk has a higher content of both butter fat and non fat-solids than cows milk does. Throughout much India it  is in such demand that Cow's milk is sometimes hard to sell.

Dairy Farming in India

It is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not aware of the economics of his day to day business. This is because Dairy has been a traditional form of business, which is being carried on by generations together. The pattern particularly of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.

It is commonly seen that most of the Farmers who keep animals for Milk have very little or NO idea about the expenses (per day) involved in raising the animals. It is interesting to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total cost of raising the animals.

Perhaps the main reason for this may be as he grows the majority of the fodder in his own land he has never bothered about its cost.

Pertaining to the feeding & drinking habits many fallacies (misconceptions) exist viz.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            2000 Ltr./Day

Land & Building (4 Acres)    Rs. 72.50 Lac

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 47.85 Lac

Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 24.99 Lac

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 2.59 Cr

Rate of Return                          75%

Break Even Point                      30%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

JERSEY COWS

MILK PRODUCTION

BUFFALO

DAIRY FARMING IN INDIA 

1. IT IS ADVISABLE TO FEED ANIMAL WITH WET/COOKED FEED.

2. WATER REQUIREMENT CAN BE FULFILLED WITH 2/3 TIMES IN A DAY.

3. ANIMAL SHOULD BE FED CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY.

4. ANIMAL GIVES MORE MILK WITH MORE CONCENTRATE FEED.

5. THE ANIMAL'S MINERAL REQUIREMENT IS MET TOTALLY THROUGH THE FEED & FODDER.

6. NATURAL SERVICE IS BETTER THAN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.

7. ANIMAL SHOULD FED ONLY GRASS DURING THE DRY PERIOD. 

INDIAN STANDARDS

STANDARDS OF DIFFERENT MILKS IN INDIA

B.I.S. SPECIFICATION

COMPOSITION OF MILK

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF INDIAN BREEDS

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF FOREIGN BREEDS OF COW

THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1.13

SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK

BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF RAW MILK

PROPERTIES OF MILK

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR MILK AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

CATTLE FEED

IN GENERAL PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION IS FOLLOWED FOR CATTLE FEED.

SOME MORE FORMULATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -

CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT

1. ACETONAEMIA:

2. AMOHISTOMIASIS: 

3. ANAPLASMOSIS:

5. BABESIOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS TICK FEVER.

6. BLACK-QUARTER:

7. BRONCHITIE:

8. BRUCELLOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS CENTAGIOUS ABORTION.

9. DIAGNOSIS: BASED ON BACTERIOLOGIC EXAMINATION.

10. DIARRHOES:

12. FASCIOLIASIS: ALSO KNOWN AS LIVER FLUKE DISEASE.

13. HAEMORRHAGIE SEPTICAEMIA (H.S.):-

14. ANTIBIOTICS:

MARKET POSITION

THE INDIAN DAIRY FARM

DAIRY FARM: 

DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA

PROCESSED DAIRY PRODUCTS

CHEESE

PROCESSED CHEESE  

LEAD PLAYERS

DAIRY WHITENERS

PRODUCTION OF MILK

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

RATIONALE

LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON OPPORTUNITIES

SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES

AYRSHIRE

CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS

STOCKISTS & DISTRIBUTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINES

USE OF MILK

BUFFALO MILK VS. COW MILK

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

THE DETAILED PROCESS IS GIVEN HERE WITH:-

MILKING BY HAND

COOLING & STORING MILK

FILTRATION:

STANDARDIZATION

HOMOGENIZATION:

CLARIFICATION:

PASTEURIZATION:-

REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING SYSTEM

TESTING:-

PACKING:-

MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED MILK PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE

EXAMPLE 1 

PREPARATION OF SILAGE FROM A BROWN MIDRIB HYBRID 

EXAMPLE 2 

FORMULATION OF A DAIRY CATTLE FEED RATION 

EXAMPLE 3 

MILK PRODUCTION USING BMR SILAGE IN A DAIRY CATTLE RATION 

TABLE 5 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR BODY CONDITION SCORING 

SCORE DEFINITION 

METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE

EXAMPLES 

EXAMPLE 1 

RESULTS 

EFFECT OF CAP-SHURE CHOLINE CHLORIDE ON MILK PRODUCTION FOR COWS PROVIDED 21 DAYS PRIOR TO CALVING AND TO FRESH COWS. 

DAIRY FARM CONSULTANTS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES

MILKING MACHINE

MILK CHILLER

MILK RECEPTION TANKS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)