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    Detailed Project Report on liquid sulphur black dye

    Detailed Project Report on liquid sulphur black dye
    Detailed Project Report on liquid sulphur black dye
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      LIQUID SULPHUR BLACK DYE
      [CODE NO. 1948]



          Sulfur dyes are most commonly used dyes manufactured for cotton in terms of volume. They are cheap, generally have good wash-fastness, and are easy to apply. Sulfur dyes are predominantly black, brown, and dark blue. Red sulfur dyes are unknown, although a pink or lighter scarlet color is available.

          The most important member of the class is Sulfur Black 1. It is produced by the reaction of 2, 4-dinitrophenol and sodium sulfide in hot water. Like many sulfur dyes, details on the chemical reactions are poorly understood. It is accepted that the sulfide reduces the nitro groups to aniline derivatives, which are thought to form indophenol-containing intermediates that are further crosslinked by reaction with sulfur. The result are insoluble, high molecular weight species. Sulfur Black 1 is imperfectly understood, and the material is probably heterogeneous. It is speculated to be a polymer consisting of thianthrene and phenothiazine subunits.

          Sulfur dyes are water-insoluble. In the presence of a reducing agent and at alkali pH's at elevated temperature of around 80°C, the dye particles disintegrate, which then becomes water-soluble and hence can be absorbed by the fabric. Sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide are suitable reducing agents. Common salt facilitates the absorption. After the fabric is removed from the dye solution, it is allowed to stand in air whereupon the dye is regenerated by oxidation. The regenerated parent dye is insoluble in water. Oxidation can also be effected in air or by hydrogen peroxide or sodium bromate in a mildly acidic solution.

          The low water solubility is the basis of the good wash-fastness of these dyed fabrics. These dyes have good all round fastness except to chlorine bleaches. Because the dye is water-insoluble, it will not bleed when washed in water and will not stain other clothes. The dye, however, may have poor fastness to rubbing. The dyes are bleached by hypochlorite bleach.


      COST ESTIMATION

      Plant Capacity                                   12.00 MT./day
      Land & Building (3000 Sq.Mtr)        Rs. 3.89 Cr  
      Plant & Machinery                              Rs. 1.25 Cr    
      W.C. for 1 Month                                 Rs. 3.56 Cr
      Total Capital Investment                  Rs. 8.81 Cr          
      Rate of Return                                    27%  
      Break Even Point                                50%


      INTRODUCTION    
      STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SULFUR DYES    
      USES AND APPLICATION OF LIQUID SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      APPLICATION OF SULPHUR DYE    
      SPECIFICATION OF LIQUID SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES OF LIQUID SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      CONSTITUTION    
      MECHANISM OF DYE APPLICATION    
      MARKET SURVEY    
      PRODUCTION OF SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      IMPORT OF SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      EXPORT OF SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      INSTALLED CAPACITY, PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION
      OF SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      ESTIMATED DEMAND    
      PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF LIQUID SULPHUR BLACK DYE    
      SULPHUR BLACK    
      MANUFACTURING PROCESS    
      MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF LIQUID SULFUR BLACK DYE    
      PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM    
      RAW MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS    
      SOLUBILISED SULFUR BLACK DYE    
      HEALTH & SAFETY ASPECTS    
      B.I.S. SPECIFICATION    
      SULPHUR DYE EFFIUENT    
      PLANT LAYOUT    
      SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS    
      SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY    

      APPENDIX – A :

       1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
       2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
       3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
       4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
       5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
       6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
       7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
       8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
       9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
      10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
      11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
      12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
      13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
      14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
      15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT                                   
      16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET                              

       

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