Detailed Project Report on para nitro aniline

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PARA NITRO ANILINE

[CODE NO.4040]

4-Nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline or 1-amino-4-nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H6N2O2. It is an organic chemical compound, consisting of a benzene ring in which an amino group is para to a nitro group. This chemical is commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, antioxidants, pharmaceuticals, gasoline, gum inhibitors, poultry medicines, and as a corrosion inhibitor.

It is produced industrially via the amination of 4-nitrochlorobenzene:

ClC6H4NO2 + 2 NH3 → H2NC6H4NO2 + NH4Cl

Below is a laboratory synthesis of 4-nitroaniline from aniline. The key step in this reaction sequence is an electrophilic aromatic substitution to install the nitro group para to the amino group. The amino group can be easily protonated and become a meta director. Therefore, a protection of the acetyl group is required. After this reaction, a separation must be performed to remove 2-nitroaniline, which is also formed in a small amount during the reaction.

Nitroanilines are important chemical intermediates in the manufacture of dyes. In this series of experiments, you will synthesise p-nitroaniline (Figure 1) via a multi-step sequence. This particular compound is used in the synthesis of the azo dye Para Red. The synthetic sequence to prepare p-nitroaniline from acetophenone involves the transformation of one functional group on a monosubstituted benzene into another through chemical reactions, then performing an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to obtain the target compound. The various compounds prepared will be characterised by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 7 MT/Day

Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.54 Cr

Plant & Machinery Rs. 87 Lac

Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 2.02 Cr

Total Capital Investment Rs. 4.65 Cr

Rate of Return 15%

Break Even Point 74%

INTRODUCTION

FIGURE: P-NITROANILINE

SYNTHESIS OF ACETOPHENONE OXIME

SAFETY

PROCEDURE

SCHEME 1: SYNTHESIS OF ACETOPHENONE OXIME

SYNTHESIS OF ACETANILIDE: THE BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT

SAFETY

PROCEDURE

SCHEME 2: SYNTHESIS OF ACETANILIDE

NITRATION OF ACETANILIDE

SAFETY

PROCEDURE

SCHEME 3: SYNTHESIS OF P-NITROACETANILIDE

SYNTHESIS OF P-NITROANILINE

SAFETY

PROCEDURE

SCHEME 4: SYNTHESIS OF P-NITROACETANILIDE

USES AND APPLICATION OF PARA NITROANILINE

LABORATORY USE

TOXICITY

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTIES OF P-NIRTO ANILINE

P-NITROANILINE

EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

OVERVIEW OF DYESTUFF INDUSTRY AND DYES INTERMEDIATE

DYES INTERMEDIATES INDUSTRY:

DI MARKET IN INDIA (USD BN)

% OF GLOBAL DI VOLUME

% OF TOTAL DI VOLUME

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF P-NITROANILINE

REACTION

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

MARKET OVERVIEW OF P-NITRO ANILINE

PROCESS OF PARA/ORTHO NITRO ANILINE

REACTION

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

HAZARDOUS FACT SHEET FOR P-NITRONLINE

HAZARD SUMMARY

IDENTIFICATION

REASON FOR CITATION

WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS

WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE

HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS

REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD

OTHER LONG-TERM EFFECTS

WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

CLOTHING

EYE PROTECTION

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE

SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

2. MARKETS:

3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

4. WATER SUPPLY:

5. CLIMATE:

6. TRANSPORTATION:

7. WASTE DISPOSAL:

8. LABOR:

9. REGULATORY LAWS:

10. TAXES:

11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:

13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:

14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

1. DEPRECIATION:

2. FIXED ASSETS:

3. WORKING CAPITAL:

4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:

5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:

6. MARGIN MONEY:

7. TOTAL LOAD:

8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT HANDLING

PROJECT SCHEDULING

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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