BUTTON MUSHROOM CULTIVATION & PROCESSING

            BUTTON MUSHROOM CULTIVATION & PROCESSING 

                    [EIRI/EDPR/7069](J.C.4149)

     The  white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is  grown  on compost based on Various agricultural wastes and animal  manures. The  composting  process  is a high temperature  self  sustained fermentation  which results in partial break down of  lignin  and cellulose.  It  fixes  unstable forms  of  nitrogen  into  stable complexes, favour rapid increase in microbail population  (fungi, bacteria,  actinomycetes  and  yeasts)  and  eliminates   harmful pathogens,  compititors  and  pests.  This  process  results   in formation of highly selective substrate compost for the frowth of mushroom  mycelium. The classic "short method of  composting"  by Sinden and Huuser (1953) was turning point in making compost more efficiently and in shorter duration. This is completed in 2 phase (i)  out door (ii) indoor pasteurization. The research work  done by various workers to understand composting process  particularly that of Waksman and Lambert have been very useful. However,  Some workers  tried  not  only to understand composting  but  also  to further  shorten composting process to reduce drastic  dry  mater loss  and to avoid release of unpleasant gasses which  occurs  in outdoor composting.

     Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing:-

     Pileus pure white to stramineous, or brown, almost naked  to finely and almost to quite appressedly squamulose (finely scaly), dry  (i.e. neither colour changing when water soaked, nor  viscid to glutinous in the wet condition), with thick projecting margin, the latter sometimes fibrillose striate or crenate, convex,  then convex  with flattened centre, or becoming entirely flat  in  old specimens, 30 to 120 mm, rarely larger mostly 35 to 100 mm  wide. Lamellae whitish, then a beautiful pink, finally concolorous with the  spore print, with a temporarily pallied and usually more  or less  fimbriate  edge,  close to crowded,  narrow  to  moderately broad, free; spore print `sepia' near mummy brown. Stipe white or whitish, annulate, not volvate, sometimes flesh-coloured at apex, slightly  flocculose below annulus in some specimens,  solid,  in age  stuffed with a cottony mass which eventually  collapses  and leaves  the  stipe fistulose hollow, equal or  slightly  tapering upwards,  or with a slight bulb at the base, 30-120 x 10-18  mm., at  base  often  thicker, rarely  more  voluminous.  Basal  white rhizomorphs  often  very  distinct, of  varialbe  diameter.  Veil 

CONTENTS

1.   INTRODUCTION                                                                       

2.   PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS                    

3.   USES & APPLICATION                              

4.   MARKET SURVEY                                   

5.   ADDRESSES FOR EXPORTERS FOR MUSHROOMS           

6.   RAW MATERIALS                                   

7.   NATURAL COMPOST                                  

8.   PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF GROWING& PROCESSING-

     OF MUSHROOMS                                     

9.   FLOW DIAGRAM OF PROCESSING OF MUSHROOM           

10.  PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS OF MUSHROOM          

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)