Detailed Project Report on Vanadium Pentoxide

VANADIUM PENTOXIDE (CAP: 50 KG/DAY)

[EIRI/EDPR/0733] J.C.: 9345INR, 9345US$

INTRODUCTION

Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the chemical compound with the formula V2O5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, this orange solid is the most important compound of vanadium. Upon heating it reversibly loses oxygen. Related to this ability, V2O5 catalyses several useful aerobic oxidation reactions, the largest scale of which underpins the production of sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide. It is a poisonous orange solid which, because of its high oxidation state, is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidising agent. Unlike most metal oxides, it dissolves slightly in water to give a pale yellow, acidic solution.The mineral form of this compound, shcherbinaite, is extremely rare, almost always found among fumaroles. A mineral trihydrate, V2O5•3H2O, is also known under the name of navajoite. V2O5 is an amphoteric oxide. Thus it reacts with strong non-reducing acids to form solutions containing the pale yellow salts containing dioxovanadium(V) centers. V2O5 + 2HNO3 → 2VO2(NO3) + H2O. It also reacts with strong alkali to form polyoxovanadates, which have a complex structure that depends on pH. If excess aqueous sodium hydroxide is used, the product is a colourless salt, sodium orthovanadate, Na3VO4. If acid is slowly added to a solution of Na3VO4, the colour gradually deepens through orange to red before brown hydrated V2O5 precipitates around pH 2. These solutions contain mainly the ions HVO42− and V2O74− between pH 9 and pH 13, but below pH 9 more exotic species such as V4O124− and HV10O285− predominate. Thionyl chloride converts it to VOCl3. V2O5 + 3SOCl2 → 2VOCl3 + 3SO2. V2O5 is easily reduced in acidic media to the stable vanadium(IV) species, the blue vanadyl ion (VO(H2O)52+). This conversion illustrates the redox properties of V2O5. For example, hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid are oxidised to the corresponding halogen, e.g., V2O5 + 6HCl + 7H2O → 2[VO(H2O)5]2+ + 4Cl− + Cl2. Solid V2O5 is reduced by oxalic acid, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide to give vanadium(IV) oxide, VO2 as a deep-blue solid. Further reduction using hydrogen or excess CO can lead to complex mixtures of oxides such as V4O7 and V5O9 before black V2O3 is reached. Vanadates or vanadyl(V) compounds in acid solution are reduced by zinc amalgam through the interestingly colorful pathway:

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            50 Kg./Day

Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 48.70 Lac

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 21.10 Lac

Working Capital for 1 Month    Rs. 5.75 Cr

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 6.95 Cr

Rate of Return                          64%

Break Even Point                      25%

CONTENTS

EXTRACTION OF VANADIUM PENTOXIDE

VANADIUM (V) OXIDE

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

ACID-BASE REACTIONS

REDOX REACTIONS

THE IONS ARE, OF COURSE, ALL HYDRATED TO VARYING DEGREES.

PREPARATION

USES

FERROVANADIUM PRODUCTION

SULFURIC ACID PRODUCTION

OTHER OXIDATIONS

OTHER APPLICATIONS

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

METHODS:

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING VANADIUM PENTOXIDE

METHOD OF PREPARING VANADIUM PENTOXIDE

DESCRIPTIONS

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2

EXAMPLE 3

MACHINERY REQUIRED FOR PLANT & LABORATORY

GRINDER

MAGNETIC SEPARATION EQUIPMENT (PRE-CONCENTRATION)

ROASTING

LEACHING & PRECIPITATION

SOLVENT EXTRACTION

LIST OF MANUFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)